Abstract: The present invention provides a capsule endoscope (CE) having sensors configured to form or to conform to the shell of the CE. The sensors are curved to correspond to the capsule's shape. According to this embodiment, the sensors may be covered by a coating material to protect the sensors. The sensors may also form the capsule shell. Instead of being covered by a shell associated with the capsule, the sensors are formed as the capsule shell. The sensors may also form part of the capsule shell. For example, one half of the capsule shell may be formed from the sensors.

Abstract: An improved gene chip system is arranged with vertically stacked photodiodes for sensing luminescence of genetic material. When genetic samples are combined with a reagent in an array of wells on a substrate, the reaction may cause light of a specified color to emanate from certain well locations. Vertically stacked photodiodes are provided that sense each color and intensity of the light at each well location. The vertically stacked photodiodes provide an image sensor that may be integrally constructed with the substrate and wells used for a gene chip system. The illumination data, which includes which wells are luminescent, the color of light, and the intensity of light in each illuminated cell, may be analyzed to determine properties of the genetic sample.

Abstract: A capsule endoscope (CE) having a field of view that may be dynamically adjusted. The CE includes an illuminator that may be an optical or acoustical illuminator designed to illuminate the lining of a GI tract. A scanner, such as a MEMS scanner may be used to scan the illumination source onto the lining. The scanner may be controlled to dynamically adjust the field of view. A lenslet array may also be used to focus the illumination. The sensor is formed such that it may be curved to a contour and includes a support having sufficient flexibility such that it can be formed to the contour. The substrate includes the sensor and is formed sufficiently thin so that it can be shaped to the contour. The substrate is coupled with the support such that the combination can be formed to the contour.

Abstract: A control circuitry for conveying video data in a flat panel display transmits video data using reduced swing differential signals that are time-multiplexed on a data bus. Data transmission schemes are provided to reduce data transitions on the data bus. A repeat last pixel scheme is used whenever the pixel data repeat horizontally on a display. A repeat last line pixel scheme is used whenever the pixel data repeat vertically on a display. A repeat last different pixel scheme is used whenever video data comprises mainly of monochrome information. In the alternate, a dynamic color pallet is used to store a few most frequently used pixel colors. When the current pixel color matches one of the colors stored, a pixel color address is transmitted instead of the pixel data itself. The use of reduced swing differential signaling on a time-multiplexed data bus together with one or more of the data transmission schemes achieves significant reduction in power consumption and electromagnetic interference generation.