Abstract: A method includes emitting light from a light source (12) onto an at least partially reflective surface (24). The reflected light (30) is collected from the surface at a screen (32) to capture the intensity distribution (34) of the reflected light with a camera (40) in a first image (42). The intensity distribution of the first image of the reflected light is processed (50) by performing suitable filtering of a Fourier transform of the intensity distribution of the reflected light so as to emphasize features having an intensity variation of interest. The features of the intensity distribution of the reflected light having the variation of interest are analyzed to determine a uniformity value for the surface.

Abstract: Processes for automatic registration between a solid circuit die and electrically conductive interconnects, and articles or devices made by the same are provided. The solid circuit die is disposed on a substrate with contact pads aligned with channels on the substrate. Electrically conductive traces are formed by flowing a conductive liquid in the channels toward the contact pads to obtain the automatic registration.

Abstract: Processes for automatic registration between a solid circuit die and electrically conductive interconnects, and articles or devices made by the same are provided. The solid circuit die is disposed on a substrate with contact pads aligned with channels on the substrate. Electrically conductive traces are formed by flowing a conductive liquid in the channels toward the contact pads to obtain the automatic registration.