Abstract: A transparent or translucent composite material, an architectural apparatus comprising the transparent or translucent composite material, and a method of manufacturing the composite material are described. The transparent or translucent composite material having a core film comprising PET, a first and second ETFE film on the outer portion, adhered via an adhesive layer configured to be fire-retardant and/or light-absorbent. The core film may have on one or both sides a solar control layer configured to block light, provide color, or other properties to the composite material.

Abstract: An apparatus having a conductive body defined by a plurality of nanotubes forming a planar structure. The apparatus further includes a plurality of junctions, formed by adjacent nanotubes, and a plurality of conductive deposits positioned at the junctions to electrically join the adjacent nanotubes at the junctions and reduce electrical resistance between the nanotubes, thereby increasing overall conductivity of the body.

Abstract: A knee protection device includes congruently joined outer and inner cover members having cooperatively disposed arcuate configured portions disposed to minimize engagement between strap portions of the outer and inner cover members with a back portion of a knee portion of a leg of a person using the device. The device further includes an outer pad member fabricated from relatively pliable material and disposed adjacent to the outer cover member, and an inner pad member fabricated from relatively more pliable material than the outer pad member and disposed between the outer pad member and the inner cover member. The positions of the outer and inner pad members, relative to the outer and inner cover members, are maintained by thread inserted through the outer and inner cover members and adjacent to the pad members after the pad members have been centrally disposed between the cover members.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the formation of dispersions of nanotubes are provided using solution comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon and an electron donor group. Also provided are methods for isolating carbon nanotubes from the composition, and use of carbon nanotube products.

Abstract: A knee protection device includes congruently joined outer and inner cover members having cooperatively disposed arcuate configured portions disposed to minimize engagement between strap portions of the outer and inner cover members with a back portion of a knee portion of a leg of a person using the device. The device further includes an outer pad member fabricated from relatively pliable material and disposed adjacent to the outer cover member, and an inner pad member fabricated from relatively more pliable material than the outer pad member and disposed between the outer pad member and the inner cover member. The positions of the outer and inner pad members, relative to the outer and inner cover members, are maintained by thread inserted through the outer and inner cover members and adjacent to the pad members after the pad members have been centrally disposed between the cover members.

Abstract: A method of performing analysis of samples having turbidity and the related apparatus is disclosed. The analysis utilizes information from light scattered from a light path with a detector at an angle of approximately ninety degrees from the light path. The apparatus consists of a light source comprising one or more light emitting diodes, a transparent sample chamber, and a detector comprising a linear variable filter and a photoelectric sensor.

Abstract: A method of spectral measurement utilizing sensing devices that employ light or radiation sources. The method provides a uniform spectra or wavelength intensity reading with respect to the temperature or intensity by using an algorithm that incorporates the thermal aspects of the light or radiation source with the spectral, sensing or color attributes.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the formation of dispersions of nanotubes are provided using solution comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon and an electron donor group. Also provided are methods for isolating carbon nanotubes from the composition, and use of carbon nanotube products.

Abstract: A light weight, portable spectroradiometer device has an optical system that directs incoming wavelengths of light to impinge upon a three-dimensional sensor comprised of a linear variable filter in direct contact with a photodiode array. The linear variable filter can be a specific band pass filter coating that has been geometrically wedged in one direction. The incoming wavelengths of light are transmitted through the three-dimensional sensor and differentiated into the pixels to be further processed into digital signals. A standard light source, either external or internal to the device, and emitting specified intensities over wavelengths may also be used to calibrate the spectroradiometer device, and samples of light with unknown intensities may be compared to the standard light source. The compact geometry of the optical system and sensor allows the device to be a compact, light weight three-dimensional spectroradiometer containing no moving parts and having a rapid measurement time.

Abstract: Methods and systems for network monitoring using network metrics which are generalized entropy functions of the Markov monoid matrix M generated by an altered connection matrix C.

Abstract: Various modified pigment products are described which are preferably capable of being dispersed in a variety of materials such as coatings, inks, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like. The modified pigments are pigments having attached groups, such as polymeric groups, onto the pigment by means other than adsorption. A modified pigment product is described comprising a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula: —X-[NIon]pR wherein X comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, NIon comprises at least one type of non-ionic group, R represents hydrogen or comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, and p represents an integer of from 1 to 500. Modified pigment products are also described comprising a pigment having attached at least one alkylene oxide group or at least one polymeric group.

Abstract: Methods and systems for network monitoring using network metrics which are generalized entropy functions of the Markov monoid matrix M generated by an altered connection matrix C.

Abstract: Various modified pigment products are described which are preferably capable of being dispersed in a variety of materials such as coatings, inks, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like. The modified pigments are pigments having attached groups, such as polymeric groups, onto the pigment by means other than adsorption. A modified pigment product is described comprising a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula: —X—[NIon]pR wherein X comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, NIon comprises at least one type of non-ionic group, R represents hydrogen or comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, and p represents an integer of from 1 to 500. Modified pigment products are also described comprising a pigment having attached at least one alkylene oxide group or at least one polymeric group.

Abstract: New techniques are disclosed for manipulating information to preserve certainty in the initial variables. Numbers themselves may be presented in a way that indicates their degree of certainty (and information content), and these numbers are processed so that the certainty and information content of the result is also known. Further calculations devoid of sufficient certainty can be terminated while others having greater information can continue. The invention may be implemented in any appropriate computing machine, such as a digital computer.

Abstract: Various modified pigment products are described which are preferably capable of being dispersed in a variety of materials such as coatings, inks, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like. The modified pigments are pigments having attached groups, such as polymeric groups, onto the pigment by means other than adsorption. A modified pigment product is described comprising a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula: —X—[NIon]p,R wherein X comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, NIon comprises at least one type of non-ionic group, R represents hydrogen or comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, and p represents an integer of from 1 to 500. Modified pigment products are also described comprising a pigment having attached at least one alkylene oxide group or at least one polymeric group.

Abstract: Various modified pigment products are described which are preferably capable of being dispersed in a variety of materials such as coatings, inks, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like. The modified pigments are pigments having attached groups, such as polymeric groups, onto the pigment by means other than adsorption. A modified pigment product is described comprising a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula: —X—[NIon]pR wherein X comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, NIon comprises at least one type of non-ionic group, R represents hydrogen or comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, and p represents an integer from 1 to 500. Modified pigment products are also described comprising a pigment having attached at least one alkylene oxide group or at least one polymeric group.

Abstract: Various modified pigment products are described which are preferably capable of being dispersed in a variety of materials such as coatings, inks, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like. The modified pigments are pigments having attached groups, such as polymeric groups, onto the pigment by means other than adsorption.

Abstract: New techniques are disclosed for manipulating information to preserve certainty in the initial variables. Numbers themselves may be presented in a way that indicates their degree of certainty (and information content), and these numbers are processed so that the certainty and information content of the result is also known. Further calculations devoid of sufficient certainty can be terminated while others having greater information can continue. The invention may be implemented in any appropriate computing machine, such as a digital computer.

Abstract: Various modified pigment products are described which are preferably capable of being dispersed in a variety of materials such as coatings, inks, toners, films, plastics, polymers, elastomers, and the like. The modified pigments are pigments having attached groups, such as polymeric groups, onto the pigment by means other than adsorption. A modified pigment product is described comprising a pigment having attached at least one group comprising the formula: —X—[NIon]pR wherein X comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, NIon comprises at least one type of non-ionic group, R represents hydrogen or comprises an aromatic group or an alkyl group, and p represents an integer of from 1 to 500. Modified pigment products are also described comprising a pigment having attached at least one alkylene oxide group or at least one polymeric group.

Abstract: A process to purify and classify a dispersion containing stabilized particles having counterions and ions as well as free species is disclosed. The solution may comprise an aqueous media, a solvent media, or a combination of both and can include more than one type of aqueous and/or solvent solutions. The process includes at least the steps, in any order, of substantially removing the particles having sizes above about 1 micron, preferably above 0.5 micron; substantially removing the free species; and exchanging at least a portion of the counterions that are a part of the stabilized particles. The process disclosed is especially useful in purifying dispersions where the ionic stabilized colloidal particles are carbon black having attached organic groups comprising at least one ionic group, or at least one ionizable group, or mixtures thereof.