Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound of Formula I, wherein R1 is a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; R2 is a linear alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl consisting of 2 to 20 carbons, or a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkane of 1 to 20 carbons or a linear alkene of 2 to 20 carbons; X1 is S or O; R3 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

Abstract: What is described is a compound of formula I consisting of a compound in which R1 is a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; R2 is a linear alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl consisting of 2 to 20 carbons; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkylene or alkenylene consisting of 2 to 20 carbons; X1 is S or O; R3 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: What is described is a compound of formula I consisting of a compound in which R1 is a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; R2 is a linear alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl consisting of 2 to 20 carbons; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkylene or alkenylene consisting of 2 to 20 carbons; X1 is S or O; R3 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: What is described is a method of synthesis of the compound of formula 1A, or a salt thereof, wherein R3 is a linear or branched alkene of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons; R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons; and L3 is a bond or an alkane of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons.

Abstract: A method of producing a lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle, comprising the steps a) flowing an aqueous solution comprising an RNA through a 1st tube having an inner diameter (ID) of between about 0.1? and 0.132?; b) flowing an ethanol solution comprising lipids through a 2nd tube having an ID of between about 0.005? and 0.02? at one third the flow rate of the aqueous solution through the 1st tube, wherein the lipids comprise a cationic lipid; and c) mixing the ethanol solution with the aqueous solution by flowing the ethanol solution and the aqueous solution into a mixing module consisting of the 2nd tube perpendicularly joined to the 1st tube; wherein the mixing produces an output solution flowing in the 1st tube comprising a turbulent flow of the RNA and the lipids in between about 10% to 75% ethanol v/v, and wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticles have a bilayer structure.

Abstract: What is described is a method of synthesis of the compound of formula 1A, or a salt thereof, wherein R3 is a linear or branched alkene of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons; R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons; and L3 is a bond or an alkane of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons.

Abstract: A method of producing a lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle, comprising the steps a) flowing an aqueous solution comprising an RNA through a 1st tube having an inner diameter (ID) of between about 0.1? and 0.132?; b) flowing an ethanol solution comprising lipids through a 2nd tube having an ID of between about 0.005? and 0.02? at one third the flow rate of the aqueous solution through the 1st tube, wherein the lipids comprise a cationic lipid; and c) mixing the ethanol solution with the aqueous solution by flowing the ethanol solution and the aqueous solution into a mixing module consisting of the 2nd tube perpendicularly joined to the 1st tube; wherein the mixing produces an output solution flowing in the 1st tube comprising a turbulent flow of the RNA and the lipids in between about 10% to 75% ethanol v/v, and wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticles have a bilayer structure.

Abstract: A method of producing a lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle, comprising the steps a) flowing an aqueous solution comprising an RNA through a 1st tube having an inner diameter (ID) of between about 0.1? and 0.132?; b) flowing an ethanol solution comprising lipids through a 2nd tube having an ID of between about 0.005? and 0.02? at one third the flow rate of the aqueous solution through the 1st tube, wherein the lipids comprise a cationic lipid; and c) mixing the ethanol solution with the aqueous solution by flowing the ethanol solution and the aqueous solution into a mixing module consisting of the 2nd tube perpendicularly joined to the 1st tube; wherein the mixing produces an output solution flowing in the 1st tube comprising a turbulent flow of the RNA and the lipids in between about 10% to 75% ethanol v/v, and wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticles have a bilayer structure.

Abstract: A method of producing a lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticle, comprising the steps a) flowing an aqueous solution comprising an RNA through a 1st tube having an inner diameter (ID) of between about 0.1? and 0.132?; b) flowing an ethanol solution comprising lipids through a 2nd tube having an ID of between about 0.005? and 0.02? at one third the flow rate of the aqueous solution through the 1st tube, wherein the lipids comprise a cationic lipid; and c) mixing the ethanol solution with the aqueous solution by flowing the ethanol solution and the aqueous solution into a mixing module consisting of the 2nd tube perpendicularly joined to the 1st tube; wherein the mixing produces an output solution flowing in the 1st tube comprising a turbulent flow of the RNA and the lipids in between about 10% to 75% ethanol v/v, and wherein the lipid-encapsulated RNA nanoparticles have a bilayer structure.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound of Formula I, wherein R1 is a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; R2 is a linear alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl consisting of 2 to 20 carbons, or a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkane of 1 to 20 carbons or a linear alkene of 2 to 20 carbons; X1 is S or O; R3 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

Abstract: The description is directed to ionizable lipids useful for enhancing the delivery of therapeutic agents in liposomes.

Abstract: What is described is a compound of formula I consisting of a compound in which R1 is a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; R2 is a linear alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl consisting of 2 to 20 carbons; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkylene or alkenylene consisting of 2 to 20 carbons; X1 is S or O; R3 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Here described is a composition comprising a compound of formula I: wherein R1 and R2 is independently selected from a group consisting of C10 to C18 alkyl, C12 to C18 alkenyl, and oleoyl group; R3 and R4 are independently selected from a group consisting of C1 to C6 alkyl, and C2 to C6 alkanol; X is selected from a group consisting of —CH2—, —S—, and —O— or absent; Y is selected from —(CH2)n, —S(CH2)n, —O(CH2)n—, thiophene, —SO2(CH2)n—, and ester; n=1-4; a=1-4; b=1-4; c=1-4; and Z? is a counterion.

Abstract: What is described is a compound of formula I consisting of a compound in which R1 is a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; R2 is a linear alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl consisting of 2 to 20 carbons; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkylene or alkenylene consisting of 2 to 20 carbons; X1 is S or O; R3 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: What is described is a trinucleotide cap analog comprising m7G(5?)p3-N1pN2 for increased efficiency of in vitro transcription of m7G(5?)p3-RNA, wherein m7G is N7-methylguanosine or analog, (5?)p3 is a 5?,5?-triphosphate bridge, and N1 or N2 or both ribonucleotide analogs linked to each other by a phosphate, p, and wherein the trinucleotide cap analog increases the efficiency of in vitro transcription.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound of Formula I, wherein R1 is a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; R2 is a linear alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl consisting of 2 to 20 carbons, or a branched chain alkyl consisting of 10 to 31 carbons; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkane of 1 to 20 carbons or a linear alkene of 2 to 20 carbons; X1 is S or O; R3 is a linear or branched alkylene consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl consisting of 1 to 6 carbons; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.

Abstract: Here described is a composition comprising a compound of formula I: wherein R1 and R2 is independently selected from a group consisting of C10 to C18 alkyl, C12 to C18 alkenyl, and oleoyl group; R3 and R4 are independently selected from a group consisting of C1 to C6 alkyl, and C2 to C6 alkanol; X is selected from a group consisting of —CH2—, —S—, and —O— or absent; Y is selected from —(CH2)n, —S(CH2)n, —O(CH2)n—, thiophene, —SO2(CH2)n—, and ester; n=1-4; a=1-4; b=1-4; c=1-4; and Z? is a counterion.

Abstract: What is described is a method of synthesis of the compound of formula 1A, or a salt thereof, wherein R3 is a linear or branched alkene of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons; R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a hydrogen, or a linear or branched alkyl of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons; and L3 is a bond or an alkane of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbons.

Abstract: What is described is a compound of formula (1) wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbon atoms; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, or form a heterocycle with N; X1 is a bond, or is —CO—O— whereby L2-CO—O—R2 is formed; X2 is S or O; L3 is a bond or a lower alkyl, or form a heterocycle with N; R3 is a lower alkyl; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: What is described is a compound of formula (1) wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different, each a linear or branched alkyl with 1-9 carbons, or an alkenyl or alkynyl with 2 to 11 carbon atoms; L1 and L2 are the same or different, each a linear alkyl having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, or form a heterocycle with N; X1 is a bond, or is —CO—O— whereby L2-CO—O—R2 is formed; X2 is S or O; L3 is a bond or a lower alkyl, or form a heterocycle with N; R3 is a lower alkyl; and R4 and R5 are the same or different, each a lower alkyl; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.