Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the temperature of small volumes such as yoctoliter volumes, are described. The systems include one or more plasmonic nanostructures attached at or near a nanopore. Upon excitation of the plasmonic nanostructures, such as for example by exposure to laser light, the nanoparticles are rapidly heated thereby causing a change in the ionic conductance along the nanopore. The temperature change is determined from the ionic conductance. These temperature changes can be used to control rapid thermodynamic changes in molecular analytes as they interact with the nanopore.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the temperature of small volumes such as yoctoliter volumes, are described. The systems include one or more plasmonic nanostructures attached at or near a nanopore. Upon excitation of the plasmonic nanostructures, such as for example by exposure to laser light, the nanoparticles are rapidly heated thereby causing a change in the ionic conductance along the nanopore. The temperature change is determined from the ionic conductance. These temperature changes can be used to control rapid thermodynamic changes in molecular analytes as they interact with the nanopore.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the temperature of small volumes such as yoctoliter volumes, are described. The systems include one or more plasmonic nanostructures attached at or near a nanopore. Upon excitation of the plasmonic nanostructures, such as for example by exposure to laser light, the nanoparticles are rapidly heated thereby causing a change in the ionic conductance along the nanopore. The temperature change is determined from the ionic conductance. These temperature changes can be used to control rapid thermodynamic changes in molecular analytes as they interact with the nanopore.

Abstract: A method for identifying mitochondrial heteroplasmy within eukaryotic cells is provided. This method includes means for isolating and capturing a single mitochondrion from at least one eukaryotic cell, wherein the means for isolating and capturing a single mitochondrion further includes optical tweezers or a similar optical technology; means for analyzing the isolated and captured mitochondrion, wherein the means for analyzing the isolated and captured mitochondrion further includes a DNA amplification system and a sequencing system for amplifying and sequencing DNA extracted from the mitochondrion; means for identifying at least one mitochondrial heteroplasmy of interest; and means for using the DNA amplification and DNA sequencing systems to determine the presence or absence of the mitochondrial heteroplasmy within the eukaryotic cell from which the mitochondrion was obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus to create a homogenous liposome population without post-processing using laminar flow/diffusive mixing, and for reducing waste discharge of the therapeutic or compound to be encapsulated and delivered by the liposomes.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the temperature of small volumes such as yoctoliter volumes, are described. The systems include one or more plasmonic nanostructures attached at or near a nanopore. Upon excitation of the plasmonic nanostructures, such as for example by exposure to laser light, the nanoparticles are rapidly heated thereby causing a change in the ionic conductance along the nanopore. The temperature change is determined from the ionic conductance. These temperature changes can be used to control rapid thermodynamic changes in molecular analytes as they interact with the nanopore.

Abstract: A method for identifying mitochondrial heteroplasmy within eukaryotic cells is provided. This method includes means for isolating and capturing a single mitochondrion from at least one eukaryotic cell, wherein the means for isolating and capturing a single mitochondrion further includes optical tweezers or a similar optical technology; means for analyzing the isolated and captured mitochondrion, wherein the means for analyzing the isolated and captured mitochondrion further includes a DNA amplification system and a sequencing system for amplifying and sequencing DNA extracted from the mitochondrion; means for identifying at least one mitochondrial heteroplasmy of interest; and means for using the DNA amplification and DNA sequencing systems to determine the presence or absence of the mitochondrial heteroplasmy within the eukaryotic cell from which the mitochondrion was obtained.

Abstract: An apparatus to create a homogenous liposome population without post-processing using laminar flow/diffusive mixing, and for reducing waste discharge of the therapeutic or compound to be encapsulated and delivered by the liposomes.

Abstract: A system for identifying mitochondrial heteroplasmy within eukaryotic cells is provided. This system includes means for isolating and capturing a single mitochondrion from at least one eukaryotic cell, wherein the means for isolating and capturing a single mitochondrion further includes optical tweezers or a similar optical technology; means for analyzing the isolated and captured mitochondrion, wherein the means for analyzing the isolated and captured mitochondrion further includes a DNA amplification system and a sequencing system for amplifying and sequencing DNA extracted from the mitochondrion; means for identifying at least one mitochondrial heteroplasmy of interest; and means for using the DNA amplification and DNA sequencing systems to determine the presence or absence of the mitochondrial heteroplasmy within the eukaryotic cell from which the mitochondrion was obtained.