Abstract: Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines require gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) as a key component of the emissions control system to reduce particulate emissions. GPFs are known to have poor initial performance, with performance increasing after the filter develops a cake. This poor initial performance make it impossible to accurately assess vehicle emissions performance at the mileage requirements for vehicle certification. Compositions and methods are disclosed to improve filtration efficiency in a fresh or low mileage GPF.

Abstract: Particulate filters are used to remove particulate matter such as soot and ash in the emissions control systems of vehicles, including gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Methods are provided to predict the long-term performance and durability of emissions control systems having particulate filters. The methods account for factors such as thermal aging, soot accumulation and regeneration, and ash loading.

Abstract: Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines require gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) as a key component of the emissions control system to reduce particulate emissions. GPFs are known to have poor initial performance, with performance increasing after the filter develops a cake. This poor initial performance make it impossible to accurately assess vehicle emissions performance at the mileage requirements for vehicle certification. Compositions and methods are disclosed to improve filtration efficiency in a fresh or low mileage GPF.

Abstract: Particulate filters are used to remove particulate matter such as soot and ash in the emissions control systems of vehicles, including gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Methods are provided to predict the long-term performance and durability of emissions control systems having particulate filters. The methods account for factors such as thermal aging, soot accumulation and regeneration, and ash loading.

Abstract: Particulate filters are used to remove particulate matter such as soot and ash in the emissions control systems of vehicles, including gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Methods are provided to predict the long-term performance and durability of emissions control systems having particulate filters. The methods account for factors such as thermal aging, soot accumulation and regeneration, and ash loading.

Abstract: Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines require gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) as a key component of the emissions control system to reduce particulate emissions. GPFs are known to have poor initial performance, with performance increasing after the filter develops a cake. This poor initial performance make it impossible to accurately assess vehicle emissions performance at the mileage requirements for vehicle certification. Compositions and methods are disclosed to improve filtration efficiency in a fresh or low mileage GPF.

Abstract: Particulate filters are used to remove particulate matter such as soot and ash in the emissions control systems of vehicles, including gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Methods are provided to predict the long-term performance and durability of emissions control systems having particulate filters. The methods account for factors such as thermal aging, soot accumulation and regeneration, and ash loading.

Abstract: Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines require gasoline particulate filters (GPFs) as a key component of the emissions control system to reduce particulate emissions. GPFs are known to have poor initial performance, with performance increasing after the filter develops a cake. This poor initial performance make it impossible to accurately assess vehicle emissions performance at the mileage requirements for vehicle certification. Compositions and methods are disclosed to improve filtration efficiency in a fresh or low mileage GPF.

Abstract: A method of increasing the overall mass transfer rate of acid gas scrubbing solids is disclosed. Various catalyst compounds for that purpose are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for inhibiting nitrosation of an aqueous amine solution used in a process of removing carbon dioxide from a flue gas. That method includes a step of adding an effective amount of an antioxidant to the aqueous amine solution being circulated between an absorber and a stripper of a carbon dioxide capture system.

Abstract: A method of increasing the overall mass transfer rate of acid gas scrubbing solids is disclosed. Various catalyst compounds for that purpose are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for removing sulfur oxides from a flue gas stream. That apparatus includes an absorber tower having an upper section and a lower section. A packed bed unit is provided in the upper section of the absorber tower. A first recycling circuit is provided for recycling lime water to the lower section of the absorber. Further the apparatus includes a second recycling circuit for recycling caustic solution to the packed bed unit.

Abstract: A solvent for removal of an acid gas from a fluid stream includes a promoter amine with a pKa of between 6.5 and 10.5 and a tertiary amine with a pKa of between 8.5 and 10.5.

Abstract: A method of increasing the overall mass transfer rate of acid gas scrubbing solids is disclosed. Various catalyst compounds for that purpose are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel transition metal trimer compound/catalyst is disclosed. A method of increasing the overall mass transfer rate of acid gas scrubbing solvents utilizing that catalyst is also provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for inhibiting nitrosation of an aqueous amine solution used in a process of removing carbon dioxide from a flue gas. That method includes a step of adding an effective amount of an antioxidant to the aqueous amine solution being circulated between an absorber and a stripper of a carbon dioxide capture system.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for removing sulfur oxides from a flue gas stream. That apparatus includes an absorber tower having an upper section and a lower section. A packed bed unit is provided in the upper section of the absorber tower. A first recycling circuit is provided for recycling lime water to the lower section of the absorber. Further the apparatus includes a second recycling circuit for recycling caustic solution to the packed bed unit.

Abstract: A solvent for removal of an acid gas from a fluid stream includes a promoter amine with a pKa of between 6.5 and 10.5 and a tertiary amine with a pKa of between 8.5 and 10.5.

Abstract: A method of increasing the overall mass transfer rate of acid gas scrubbing solids is disclosed. Various catalyst compounds for that purpose are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for removing and capturing carbon dioxide from a fluid stream includes the steps of exposing the fluid stream to an aqueous scrubbing solution that removes and holds carbon dioxide from the fluid stream, passing the aqueous scrubbing solution through a membrane in order to separate excess water from the scrubbing solution and increase the concentration of carbon dioxide in the scrubbing solution, heating the scrubbing solution having an increased concentration of carbon dioxide so as to release carbon dioxide gas and recycling the scrubbing solution. A carbon dioxide capture apparatus includes a carbon dioxide scrubber, a membrane downstream from the scrubber for separating water and concentrating carbon dioxide in a scrubbing solution and a stripper vessel.