Abstract: An solid oxide fuel cell stack having a metallic layer and a glass layer, and a method for preventing or reducing a chemical reaction between a metallic layer and a glass layer are disclosed. The solid oxide fuel cell stack has a barrier layer disposed between the metallic layer and the glass layer. The barrier layer includes alumina and a phosphate. The phosphate includes an aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, an aluminum-containing phosphate, a phosphate of an element of the metallic layer, a phosphate of an element of the glass layer, or combinations thereof. The method includes disposing a barrier layer between the metallic layer and the glass layer.

Abstract: A method for marking an object, wherein the object comprises a material including a functional group and a metal compound or acid that causes an elimination reaction on irradiation with a laser, to form a reaction product of contrasting colour, comprises directing a laser beam on to the areas of the object to be marked For example, by using a carbohydrate and a metal salt, effective marking can be achieved on the coating of a pill or other edible material.