Abstract: A method of implanting a permanent pacemaker bipolar lead apparatus comprising positioning a first electrode, connected to one pole of the pacemaker, in a chamber of the heart adjacent the interior surface of the heart muscle, and positioning a second electrode, connected to the other pole of the pacemaker, adjacent the exterior surface of the heart muscle so as to overlie the first electrode, so that upon operating the pacemaker substantially all electric current from the pacemaker flows through the heart muscle.

Abstract: A device to be inserted in a blood vessel in order to aid the pumping of blood in only one direction within that vessel which comprises a gas inflatable and deflatable chamber mounted on support means and divided into an occluding section and a pumping section in direct communication with each other, such that it is necessary to deliver gas directly only to the occluding section, thereby enabling the occluding and pumping sections to be mounted on the support means in any order which further enables the device to be inserted from either above or below the vessel and which also permits thinner and therefore more easily insertable support means when the sections are mounted for insertion from below.