Abstract: According to various embodiments, an array of elements forms an artificially-structured material. The artificially-structured material can also include an array of tuning mechanisms included as part of the array of elements that are configured to change material properties of the artificially-structured material on a per-element basis. The tuning mechanisms can change the material properties of the artificially-structured material by changing operational properties of the elements in the array of elements on a per-element basis based on one or a combination of stimuli detected by sensors included in the array of tuning mechanisms, programmable circuit modules included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, data stored at individual data stores included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, and communications transmitted through interconnects included as part of the array of elements.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an array of elements forms an artificially-structured material. The artificially-structured material can also include an array of tuning mechanisms included as part of the array of elements that are configured to change material properties of the artificially-structured material on a per-element basis. The tuning mechanisms can change the material properties of the artificially-structured material by changing operational properties of the elements in the array of elements on a per-element basis based on one or a combination of stimuli detected by sensors included in the array of tuning mechanisms, programmable circuit modules included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, data stored at individual data stores included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, and communications transmitted through interconnects included as part of the array of elements.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for providing wireless power to a mobile device, such as an aerial mobile device like an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A navigational constraint model may prescribe a navigation path along which a wireless power transmission system can provide wireless power to the mobile device. Deviations from the prescribed path may require the mobile device to self-power. The prescription of a navigation path allows for the use of reduced-complexity wireless power transmitters that are fully capable of servicing the prescribed path. Multiple embodiments of prescribed paths with various limitations and features are set forth herein, along with multiple embodiments of wireless power transmission systems of reduced complexity and functionality to fully service the various embodiments of prescribed paths.

Abstract: The present technology pertains to a system and method of operation of a metamaterial phase shifter having various use applications. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a phase shifter includes a network of tunable impedance elements and a controller. The controller is coupled to the network of tunable impedance elements and configured to receive a phase shift input value and determine a corresponding tuning voltage to be supplied to each tunable impedance element of the network of tunable impedance elements based on the phase shift input value, the network of tunable impedance element being configured to shift a phase of an input signal based on tuning voltages supplied to the network of tunable impedance elements by the controller.

Abstract: An embodiment of an antenna configured to form a high-power beam, such as a battery-charging beam, includes a transmission structure, signal couplers, amplifiers, and antenna elements. The transmission structure (e.g., a waveguide) is configured to carry a reference signal (e.g., a traveling reference wave), and each of the signal couplers is configured to generate a respective intermediate signal in response to the reference signal at a respective location along the transmission structure. Each of the amplifiers is configured to amplify, selectively, an intermediate signal from a respective one of the couplers, and each of the antenna elements (e.g., conductive patches) is configured to radiate a respective elemental signal in response to an amplified intermediate signal from a respective one of the amplifiers. In operation, the elemental signals interfere with one another to form a transmission beam, such as a battery-charging, or other high-power, transmission beam.

Abstract: An embodiment of an antenna array includes a cavity, signal couplers, and antenna elements. The cavity is configured to reinforce a reference signal (e.g., a standing reference wave) having a wavelength ?, and each of the signal couplers is configured to generate a respective intermediate signal in response to the reference signal at a respective location of the cavity. And each of the antenna elements (e.g., conductive patches) is configured to radiate a respective elemental signal in response to an intermediate signal from a respective one of the signal couplers. In operation, the elemental signals interfere with one another to form a transmission beam. Controlling the cavity to introduce phase differences between the antenna elements can allow a wider pitch between adjacent antenna elements without the need for large, costly phase shifters, where the pitch can approach its theoretical limit of approximately ?/2.

Abstract: System and methods are described herein for providing wireless power to a target device, such as a laptop computer, a mobile phone, a vehicle, robot, or an unmanned aerial vehicle or system (UAV) or (UAS). A tunable multi-element transmitter may transmit electromagnetic radiation (EMR) to the target device using any of a wide variety of frequency bands. A location determination subsystem and/or range determination subsystem may determine a relative location, orientation, and/or rotation of the target device. For a target device within a distance range for which a smallest achievable waist of the Gaussian beam of the EMR at an operational frequency is smaller than the multi-element EMR receiver of the target device, a non-Gaussian beamform may be determined to increase efficiency, decrease overheating, reduce spillover, increase total power output of rectenna receivers on the target device, or achieve another target power delivery goal.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, systems and methods for wirelessly transmitting energy to a moving wireless power receiver in a network of interlinked prescribed paths. A position of a wireless power receiver in a network of interlinked prescribed paths is tracked as the wireless power receiver traverses one or more prescribed paths in the network of interlinked prescribed paths. Energy is wirelessly transmitted from one or more wireless power transmitters to the wireless power receiver based on the position of the wireless power receiver in the network of interlinked prescribed paths. Specifically, the energy is wirelessly transmitted to the wireless power receiver based on the position of the wireless power receiver in the network of interlinked prescribed paths as the wireless power receiver traverses the one or more prescribed paths in the network of interlinked prescribed paths.

Abstract: The present technology pertains to a system and method of operation of a metamaterial phase shifter having various use applications. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a phase shifter includes a network of tunable impedance elements and a controller. The controller is coupled to the network of tunable impedance elements and configured to receive a phase shift input value and determine a corresponding tuning voltage to be supplied to each tunable impedance element of the network of tunable impedance elements based on the phase shift input value, the network of tunable impedance element being configured to shift a phase of an input signal based on tuning voltages supplied to the network of tunable impedance elements by the controller.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for various tunable multi-timescale wireless rectification systems. Tunable multi-timescale wireless rectification systems may include multiple feedback control loops, systems, or sub-systems that modify characteristics of components of a wireless rectification system on various timescales. A wireless rectification system may include antennas, impedance-matching components, rectifying devices, DC-to-DC converters, and/or load controllers. Two or more feedback controls may function on different timescales to modify one or more characteristics or functionalities of components of the wireless rectification system in response to monitored AC and/or DC power values at various locations within the wireless rectification system. Feedback controls operating on various timescales may include antenna feedback controls, impedance feedback controls, rectifying feedback controls, and/or DC feedback controls.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a moving wireless power receiver is configured to receive power wirelessly based on a prescribed path of the wireless power receiver. A prescribed path that a moving wireless power receiver traverses is identified. Further, at least one element of the wireless power receiver is controlled based on the prescribed path to change an amount of power received at the wireless power receiver from incident power transmitted by one or more wireless power transmitters. Specifically, the at least one element can be controlled to change the amount of power received at the wireless power receiver as either or both a posture and a position of the wireless power receiver change with respect to the one or more wireless power transmitters as the wireless power receiver traverses the prescribed path.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an array of elements forms an artificially-structured material. The artificially-structured material can also include an array of tuning mechanisms included as part of the array of elements that are configured to change material properties of the artificially-structured material on a per-element basis. The tuning mechanisms can change the material properties of the artificially-structured material by changing operational properties of the elements in the array of elements on a per-element basis based on one or a combination of stimuli detected by sensors included in the array of tuning mechanisms, programmable circuit modules included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, data stored at individual data stores included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, and communications transmitted through interconnects included as part of the array of elements.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, systems and methods for wirelessly transmitting energy to a moving wireless power receiver in a network of interlinked prescribed paths. A position of a wireless power receiver in a network of interlinked prescribed paths is tracked as the wireless power receiver traverses one or more prescribed paths in the network of interlinked prescribed paths. Energy is wirelessly transmitted from one or more wireless power transmitters to the wireless power receiver based on the position of the wireless power receiver in the network of interlinked prescribed paths. Specifically, the energy is wirelessly transmitted to the wireless power receiver based on the position of the wireless power receiver in the network of interlinked prescribed paths as the wireless power receiver traverses the one or more prescribed paths in the network of interlinked prescribed paths.

Abstract: The present technology pertains to a system and method of operation of a metamaterial phase shifter having various use applications. In one aspect of the present disclosure, a phase shifter includes a network of tunable impedance elements and a controller. The controller is coupled to the network of tunable impedance elements and configured to receive a phase shift input value and determine a corresponding tuning voltage to be supplied to each tunable impedance element of the network of tunable impedance elements based on the phase shift input value, the network of tunable impedance element being configured to shift a phase of an input signal based on tuning voltages supplied to the network of tunable impedance elements by the controller.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a base having a first surface and an array of pillars. Each pillar of the array of pillars includes (i) a first end attached to the first surface of the base; (ii) a second end having an electric charge retention portion; (iii) a physical separation from adjacent pillars of the array of pillars; and (iv) an electrical conductor configured to electrically connect the electric charge retention portion with a bus structure. The bus structure is configured to addressably connect with the electrical conductor of each respective pillar of the array of pillars.

Abstract: System and methods are described herein for providing wireless power to a target device, such as a laptop computer, a mobile phone, a vehicle, robot, or an unmanned aerial vehicle or system (UAV) or (UAS). A tunable multi-element transmitter may transmit electromagnetic radiation (EMR) to the target device using any of a wide variety of frequency bands. A location determination subsystem and/or range determination subsystem may determine a relative location, orientation, and/or rotation of the target device. For a target device within a distance range for which a smallest achievable waist of the Gaussian beam of the EMR at an operational frequency is smaller than the multi-element EMR receiver of the target device, a non-Gaussian beamform may be determined to increase efficiency, decrease overheating, reduce spillover, increase total power output of rectenna receivers on the target device, or achieve another target power delivery goal.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, an array of elements forms an artificially-structured material. The artificially-structured material can also include an array of tuning mechanisms included as part of the array of elements that are configured to change material properties of the artificially-structured material on a per-element basis. The tuning mechanisms can change the material properties of the artificially-structured material by changing operational properties of the elements in the array of elements on a per-element basis based on one or a combination of stimuli detected by sensors included in the array of tuning mechanisms, programmable circuit modules included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, data stored at individual data stores included as part of the array of tuning mechanisms, and communications transmitted through interconnects included as part of the array of elements.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, systems and methods for wirelessly transmitting energy to a moving wireless power receiver in a network of interlinked prescribed paths. A position of a wireless power receiver in a network of interlinked prescribed paths is tracked as the wireless power receiver traverses one or more prescribed paths in the network of interlinked prescribed paths. Energy is wirelessly transmitted from one or more wireless power transmitters to the wireless power receiver based on the position of the wireless power receiver in the network of interlinked prescribed paths. Specifically, the energy is wirelessly transmitted to the wireless power receiver based on the position of the wireless power receiver in the network of interlinked prescribed paths as the wireless power receiver traverses the one or more prescribed paths in the network of interlinked prescribed paths.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, systems and methods for wirelessly transmitting energy to a moving wireless power receiver in a network of interlinked prescribed paths. A position of a wireless power receiver in a network of interlinked prescribed paths is tracked as the wireless power receiver traverses one or more prescribed paths in the network of interlinked prescribed paths. Energy is wirelessly transmitted from one or more wireless power transmitters to the wireless power receiver based on the position of the wireless power receiver in the network of interlinked prescribed paths. Specifically, the energy is wirelessly transmitted to the wireless power receiver based on the position of the wireless power receiver in the network of interlinked prescribed paths as the wireless power receiver traverses the one or more prescribed paths in the network of interlinked prescribed paths.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, a quadrature hybrid coupler included as part of a phase shifter is used to provide variable phase shift to an input signal. The quadrature hybrid coupler includes an input port, an output port, and two terminated ports. The phase shifter includes one or more static lumped elements connected to the QHC to reduce at least one electrical dimension of the QHC to substantially less than a quarter wavelength. The phase shifter also include one or more variable lumped elements connected to the QHC to provide a variable phase shift to the input signal between the input port and the output port of the QHC.