Abstract: The invention is directed to a competitive glucose binding affinity assay comprising a glucose receptor (typically mannan binding lectin) labeled with an assay fluorophore and a modified glucose analog (typically dextran) labeled with a reference fluorophore. In certain embodiments, the glucose analog is dextran and is coupled to both a reference fluorophore and a quencher dye (e.g. hexamethoxy crystalviolet-1). Optionally the reference fluorophore is blue shifted relative to the assay fluorophore.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a competitive glucose binding affinity assay comprising a glucose receptor (typically mannan binding lectin) labeled with an assay fluorophore and a modified glucose analog (typically dextran) labeled with a reference fluorophore. In certain embodiments, the glucose analog is dextran and is coupled to both a reference fluorophore and a quencher dye (e.g. hexamethoxy crystalviolet-1). Optionally the reference fluorophore is blue shifted relative to the assay fluorophore.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a competitive glucose binding affinity assay comprising a glucose receptor (typically mannan binding lectin) labeled with an assay fluorophore and a modified glucose analog (typically dextran) labeled with a reference fluorophore. In certain embodiments, the glucose analog is dextran and is coupled to both a reference fluorophore and a quencher dye (e.g. hexamethoxy crystalviolet-1). Optionally the reference fluorophore is blue shifted relative to the assay fluorophore.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a competitive glucose binding affinity assay comprising a glucose receptor (typically mannan binding lectin) labeled with an assay fluorophore and a modified glucose analog (typically dextran) labeled with a reference fluorophore. In certain embodiments, the glucose analog is dextran and is coupled to both a reference fluorophore and a quencher dye (e.g. hexamethoxy crystalviolet-1). Optionally the reference fluorophore is blue shifted relative to the assay fluorophore.

Abstract: An active aerodynamic feature for an underside of a vehicle includes a static panel and a dynamic panel. The static panel has a leading edge attached to a front fascia of the vehicle, and a trailing edge distal from the front fascia. The dynamic panel is movably attached to the trailing edge of the static panel. An actuator is configured to locate the dynamic panel in at least two fixed positions relative to the static panel. The fixed positions include a stowed position, which is substantially aligned with the trailing edge of the static panel, and a deployed position, which is at an offset angle relative to the trailing edge of the static panel and also to the stowed position.

Abstract: A non-pharmaceutical apparatus for relieving pain that that is not invasive, does not require medical personnel to administer, and does not cause pain, is provided. The apparatus comprises: a vibration system comprising a vibration generator; at least one power source, to provide power to the vibration generator; optionally an amplitude control device which controls the amplitude of the vibration; optionally a frequency control device which controls the frequency of vibration; and a head-piece adapted to fit the patient's head, which holds at least one component of the vibration system against the patient's head. The vibration system further comprises: optionally a vibrating which receives vibrations from the vibration generator and transmits them to the patient's head. Optionally, the pain relieving apparatus further comprises a microprocessor and a memory device. A method of relieving headache pain in a patient is also provided.

Abstract: A non-pharmaceutical apparatus for relieving pain that that is not invasive, does not require medical personnel to administer, and does not cause pain, is provided. The apparatus comprises: a vibration system comprising a vibration generator; at least one power source, to provide power to the vibration generator; optionally an amplitude control device which controls the amplitude of the vibration; optionally a frequency control device which controls the frequency of vibration; and a head-piece adapted to fit the patient's head, which holds at least one component of the vibration system against the patient's head. The vibration system further comprises: optionally a vibrating which receives vibrations from the vibration generator and transmits them to the patient's head. Optionally, the pain relieving apparatus further comprises a microprocessor or any control and a memory device. A method of relieving headache pain in a patient is also provided.