Abstract: A railroad measurement system includes a railroad track powered measurement device providing measurement signals of electrical quantities across rails of a railroad track; a wayside control device adapted to receive the measurement signals provided by the railroad track powered measurement device; and a communication network interfacing with the railroad track powered measurement device and adapted to transmit data, wherein the railroad track powered measurement device is adapted to transmit the measurement signals of the electrical quantities via the communication network, and the wayside control device is adapted to receive the measurement signals.

Abstract: A coded track circuit of a signaling control equipment to be located at a wayside location of a railway track is provided. The coded track circuit comprises a first track circuit card coupled to rails of the railway track to detect an absence of a train on the railway track, inform signallers and control relevant signals via track codes. The coded track circuit further comprises a second track circuit card coupled to rails of the railway track, the second track circuit card is inactive but ready to provide a warm-standby or a hot-standby such that the second track circuit card to take over control from the first track circuit card should the first track circuit card fails.

Abstract: A lamp driver card to control lighting of a lamp load located on a wayside of a railway system is provided. The lamp driver card comprises a light source controller module including at least one channel having a semiconductor switch or a relay to receive power on a copper cable sized at a selected gauge size from a power source to turn ON or OFF the lamp load. The light source controller module is configured to support a multi-voltage rating range operation extended from a limited voltage to an extended operating voltage and a current rating to light the lamp load such that the light source controller module is compatible with relatively higher DC/AC voltages. The copper cable is sized at the selected gauge size of a first size to a second size based on a selected voltage rating of a first voltage system or a second multi-voltage ranges system.

Abstract: A communication system may wirelessly receive. A crossing controller may check the message to determine whether the message is a valid vital communication. In response to determining the message is the valid vital communication, the crossing controller may deactivate at least one crossing traffic control element. While the at least one crossing traffic control element is deactivated, the crossing controller may activate the at least one crossing traffic control element in response to receiving a command to activate the at least one crossing traffic control element at the communication system. In response to determining the message is not the valid vital communication, the crossing controller may activate the at least one crossing traffic control element.

Abstract: A lamp control system may include a plurality of parallel lamp modules. Each parallel lamp module may include control electronics configured to selectively couple a DC power source with a load to selectively drive the load. The lamp control system may include at least one control circuit configured to send a same control command to the control electronics of each of the parallel lamp modules at the same time so that each of the control electronics is configured to selectively drive the load identically. The lamp control system may include at least one relay configured to selectively couple one of the parallel lamp modules with the load and decouple each of the remaining parallel lamp modules from the load so that the control electronics of the one parallel lamp module selectively drive the load according to the control command.

Abstract: A tracking system includes a tether, a buoyant transmitter assembly coupled to a first portion of the tether, an attachment component coupled to a second portion of the tether. The attachment component is configured to couple the tracking system to an object, and the tether enables the buoyant transmitter assembly to float above the object while the object and the tracking system are submerged in a fluid.

Abstract: A drift tube ion mobility spectrometry sample introduction scheme allows introduction of a sample packet at ground voltages. The sample packet of ionized particles is captured by subjecting particles within a defined region to an electric field at an elevated voltage. The ionized particles in the captured packet then migrate through the drift tube down the voltage gradient according to their electrical mobility. The particles are directed to a high sensitivity detector, such as a condensation particle counter (CPC), for detection.

Abstract: A drift tube ion mobility spectrometry sample introduction scheme allows introduction of a sample packet at ground voltages. The sample packet of ionized particles is captured by subjecting particles within a defined region to an electric field at an elevated voltage. The ionized particles in the captured packet then migrate through the drift tube down the voltage gradient according to their electrical mobility. The particles are directed to a high sensitivity detector, such as a condensation particle counter (CPC), for detection.

Abstract: A manufacturing system is disclosed. The manufacturing system may include a personalization mechanism to evaluate personalization information relating to mailpieces, wherein the mailpieces include mail containers and mail content components. The manufacturing system may further include a matching mechanism to compare the containers with their corresponding content components using unique verification codes assigned to each of the containers and content components, wherein the unique verification codes are assigned based on the evaluated personalization information, and a production machine to produce personalized containers and their corresponding content components based on comparison results of the comparison.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decoding binary frequency shift key signals in which an exclusive-OR of the sign of a real waveform with a sign of the imaginary waveform at a time shortly after the real (or, alternatively, the imaginary) waveform crosses zero is used to determine a bit represented by the signal. In some embodiments, particularly those in which the bit period is about one-half of the carrier signal frequency, both the real and imaginary waveforms are monitored to detect the zero crossing in order to account for the situation in which data transitions prevent zero-crossings on one of the waveforms.

Abstract: An overlay track circuit is used to transmit information through a block of railroad tracks. In one embodiment, one of a plurality of codes assigned to a receiver/transmitter pair are used to represent each information segment (which may be one or more bits) of an information signal. In another embodiment, bits of the information signal are transmitted between periodic repetitions of a code associated with the transmitter/receiver pair. The modulation may be performed using a frequency shift key technique. Track circuits may be connected to relay information between adjacent blocks of track.

Abstract: A manufacturing system is disclosed. The manufacturing system may include a personalization mechanism to evaluate personalization information relating to mailpieces, wherein the mailpieces include mail containers and mail content components. The manufacturing system may further include a matching mechanism to compare the containers with their corresponding content components using unique verification codes assigned to each of the containers and content components, wherein the unique verification codes are assigned based on the evaluated personalization information, and a production machine to produce personalized containers and their corresponding content components based on comparison results of the comparison.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for decoding binary frequency shift key signals in which an exclusive-OR of the sign of a real waveform with a sign of the imaginary waveform at a time shortly after the real (or, alternatively, the imaginary) waveform crosses zero is used to determine a bit represented by the signal. In some embodiments, particularly those in which the bit period is about one-half of the carrier signal frequency, both the real and imaginary waveforms are monitored to detect the zero crossing in order to account for the situation in which data transitions prevent zero-crossings on one of the waveforms.

Abstract: This invention disproves the conservation of energy in a core transformer as unavoidable. It shows that the design was a cause. Scientists, when they had a pair of equal forces (magnetomotive forces), allowed a pair of equal energies. This is changed by two innovations. One is called an “air-gap magnetic core”; it does not transfer all the force in the energy of a coil, to the core. And the other is a complete and radical change in circuitry. There is a common primary magnetizer. And then there are two primaries and two secondaries. This is done to use two different air-gap magnetic cores instead of one and only and same core. One core makes the new energy and the other subtracts from that new energy. This differs radically from the traditional secondary which allows the primary to take in an opposing and neutralizing current and then makes you pay for it.

Abstract: An overlay track circuit is used to transmit information through a block of railroad tracks. In one embodiment, one of a plurality of codes assigned to a receiver/transmitter pair are used to represent each information segment (which may be one or more bits) of an information signal. In another embodiment, bits of the information signal are transmitted between periodic repetitions of a code associated with the transmitter/receiver pair. The modulation may be performed using a frequency shift key technique. Track circuits may be connected to relay information between adjacent blocks of track.

Abstract: System and method for maximizing image quality by eliminating vias on a reflective surface. A preferred embodiment comprises depositing a first portion of a mirror surface over a support surface, applying a protective coating on the mirror surface, and then inverting the via. The preferred embodiment also comprises removing a portion of the inverted via and then depositing a second portion of the mirror surface. The remaining portion of the inverted via fills the via and provides a level surface for the depositing of the second portion of the mirror surface, reducing the amount of light scattered by the via.

Abstract: System and method for maximizing image quality by eliminating vias on a reflective surface. A preferred embodiment comprises depositing a first portion of a mirror surface over a support surface, applying a protective coating on the mirror surface, and then inverting the via. The preferred embodiment also comprises removing a portion of the inverted via and then depositing a second portion of the mirror surface. The remaining portion of the inverted via fills the via and provides a level surface for the depositing of the second portion of the mirror surface, reducing the amount of light scattered by the via.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is apparatus for testing the weld strength of a battery connection extending through a hole in a battery partition and between first and second lugs located in adjacent parallel relation to the partition and each including an end surface and a pair of side surfaces extending in parallel relation to each other and in transverse relation to the end surface, which apparatus comprises a vertically movable main frame including a holding surface adapted for engagement with the end surface of the first lug, a sub-frame carried by the main frame and movable vertically relative to the main frame, horizontally movable clamping members carried by the sub-frame for clampingly engaging the side surfaces of the second lug to the sub-frame, a cylinder for applying a force for vertically displacing the main frame to engage the holding surface with the end surface of the first lug and to retain the holding surface against vertical movement after engagement with the end surface of the first lug, a second cylin