Abstract: A method of genetically transforming mammalian unattached cells is disclosed. The method begins by preparing copies of a nucleic acid construct and coating these copies onto biologically inert carrier particles. Mammalian unattached cells are isolated in a liquid suspension. The cell suspension is placed on a target surface, wherein the liquid is spread to a thin film on the target surface. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the liquid is spread onto a porous surface. The cells are bombarded with the construct-coated particles in such a fashion that some particles lodge in the interior of at least some of the cells. The existence and expression of the construct within the cell is verified.

Abstract: An apparatus for the particle mediated genetic transformation of organisms in vivo has two parts, a support unit and a hand unit. The hand unit is of a convenient hand manipulable size so that it can be placed readily against the organism the cells of which are to be transformed. The hand unit is connected to the support unit by a flexible umbilical so that the hand unit can be placed where desired. The apparatus is particularly well adapted for the convenient transformation of somatic cells of whole animals or humans.