Abstract: An energy saving control circuit for a water heater having a hot water storage tank provided with an electrically operated heater, i.e., an electric heater or an electrically controlled combustion burner, includes a water flow detection device associated with either the cold water inlet or hot water outlet of the tank for sensing the flow of water into or out of the tank and arranged to energize the heater upon detection of water flow indicative of the withdrawal of water from the tank. A holding circuit maintains the heater energized, even though the flow of water ceases, until such time as a thermostatic switch responsive to the temperature of the water in the tank disables the holding circuit and deenergizes the heater upon the water stored in the tank attaining a predetermined desired temperature.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for magnetically treating aqueous and non-aqueous liquid streams to enhance their flow properties and to reduce their tendency to deposit scales, encrustations and the like, wherein the liquid stream for treatment, either immediately prior to or substantially simultaneously with its traversal of a high density, magnetic flux field having a normal orientation with respect to the primary flow path of the liquid stream is deflected along secondary flow paths angularly displaced from the primary flow path causing in effect a high velocity, essentially shear angle traversal of the flux field by said stream.