Abstract: A static kiln includes an annular heating zone, the inner wall of which is defined by an approximately cylindrical core. The core and the outer wall of the heating zone are suspended to permit movement due to thermal expansion and contraction. Both the inner and outer walls of the heating zone include structures which transmit heat into a supply chamber so that particulate material introduced to the supply chamber is partially dried prior to entering the heating zone.

Abstract: A restraining means of mildly magnetic material is adjustably implanted in the rotor disc of a conventional watthour meter. The restraining means interacts with a magnetic field generated by the meter's damping magnet to stop the disc from turning when the rate of energy consumption in the metered circuit is below a predetermined rate. The predetermined rate can be altered by varying the radial distance between the center of the disc and the restraining means and by varying the amount of magnetic material passing through the field of the damping magnet.