Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may utilize pre-configured rules for scaling power levels. Channels may be grouped based on a type of data to be transmitted. A power level of a channel from a group may be scaled using the pre-configured rules. A power level of a channel of a supplementary carrier may be scaled before another channel of a non-supplementary carrier.

Abstract: A station may be configured to transmit, to an access point (AP) via the transceiver, an association request frame or a reassociation request frame. The STA may be configured to receive, from the AP, an association response frame and/or a reassociation response frame, and transmit, to the AP via the transceiver, an enhanced data privacy (EDP) epoch request frame. The EDP epoch request frame may include a desired EDP epoch action which conveys group epoch parameters. The desired EDP epoch action may include a request to create a new EDP epoch group, join a different EDP epoch group than the assigned EDP epoch group, and/or leave the assigned EDP epoch group. The STA may be configured to receive, from the AP, an EDP epoch response frame that conveys results of the desired EDP epoch action.

Abstract: A station (STA) may transmit to an access point (AP), an encrypted association request frame or a re-association request frame. The request may comprise a desired epoch parameter element that indicates to the AP one or more desired epoch parameters of a corresponding epoch group of a plurality of epoch groups managed by the AP. The plurality of epoch groups may comprise a default epoch group and at least one other epoch group. The STA may receive an encrypted association response frame or a re-association response frame. The response frame may comprise an enhanced data privacy (EDP) epoch definition element. The EDP epoch definition element may comprise group epoch parameters. The group epoch parameters may comprise a group epoch identifier (ID) for an assigned epoch group of the plurality of epoch groups that is configured to operate according to the group epoch parameters.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and procedures of channel sounding are disclosed herein. In an example, an access point (AP) transmits, to a station (STA), a frame to solicit the transmission of a null data packet (NDP). The STA receives the frame. Further, the frame includes distributed resource unit (DRU) information indicating a DRU. The frame may be at least one of a control frame, management frame, or data frame. The STA transmits, to the AP, the NDP, which is received by the AP. Further, long training fields (LTFs) of the NDP are transmitted over a plurality of distributed tones of the DRU, and the DRU is indicated by the received DRU information. Accordingly, the channel sounding may be performed in a Wi-Fi system. In an example, the DRU information indicating the DRU may include a DRU allocation index field, or both a DRU allocation index field and a distribution bandwidth field.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed that provide for the protection of the privacy of individuals using wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies and protecting the identification of WLAN users of networks implementing IEEE 802.11 standards by frustrating attempts at traffic analysis that may compromise user privacy. Methods and apparatuses disclosed include randomly modifying the length of medium access control service data units (MSDUs) such that all frames sent/received among stations (STAs) associated with a particular access point (AP) are the same length such that all traffic appears the same to an observer. Other methods disclosed may include random padding of the MSDUs, and/or fragmenting/segmenting MSDUs.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to implement features in the IEEE 802.11ad+/ay protocols by utilizing combinations of analog and digital precoding (such as hybrid mmWave precoding) to enable multi-stream/multi-user transmissions. These systems and methods are also suitable for 5G wireless networks, such as found in 3GPP. These systems and methods address performing general precoder design, reducing of beam-training overhead with leak wave antennas, performing single-stage approximate precoding with enhanced SLS for SU-MIMO transmissions (eSLS1), performing multi-stage approximate precoding with enhanced SLS for SU-MIMO transmissions (eSLS2), and performing exact precoding with enhanced SLS for SU-MIMO transmissions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions comprising lycopene and to methods of using the same, such as for improving one or more skin parameters. e.g., prevention or treatment of various skin-related conditions caused by ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for sounding reference signal (SRS) power control for a wireless transmitter/receiver unit (WTRU) are disclosed. These methods and apparatus include methods and apparatus for carrier-specific and carrier-common SRS power control in WTRUs that utilize carrier aggregation techniques. These methods and apparatus also include methods and apparatus for SRS power control in WTRUs utilizing both carrier aggregation and time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques. Additionally, these methods and apparatus include methods and apparatus for SRS power control for WTRUs utilizing multiple input multiple output MIMO operation. Methods and apparatus for SRS overhead reduction and power management in a WTRU are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for HARQ signaling and acknowledgement as well as HARQ MAC procedures in wireless networks.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for HARQ signaling and communications in wireless networks. For example, a method implemented in a STA comprises receiving a first MU transmission including a first set of HARQ bits, a first set of user data for STAs including the STA, a preamble including information indicating that the MU transmission includes the first set of HARQ bits, and a first set of HARQ Process IDs associated with the first set of HARQ bits; determining a subset of HARQ bits of the first set of HARQ bits; transmitting a response message indicating a reception status of the subset of HARQ bits; and receiving a second MU transmission including a second set of HARQ bits, a second set of user data for the plurality of STAs, and a second set of HARQ Process IDs associated with the second set of HARQ bits.

Abstract: A method performed by a multi-multi-link device (MMLD) architecture comprising a plurality of access points (APs) may comprise transmitting a frame, by an AP of the MMLD, wherein the frame may include a multi-multi-link device (MMLD) frame element which indicates that the AP is part of a multi-link device (MLD) that is a MMLD. The frame may comprise a beacon, short beacon, probe response, fast initial link setup (FILS) discovery frame, association response frame, or the like, or any appropriate combination thereof. The MMLD element may comprise one or more of an element identifier, length, MMLD identifier, MMLD media access control (MAC) address, partial reporting field, number of reported MLDs field and/or an MLD info field. The MLD may communicate with other MLDs of the multiple MLDs during a transmit wake time (TWT) service period (SP). The MLD may be in a doze state during non-TWT SPs.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for network discovery. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may transmit, to a first access point (AP), via a Primary Connectivity Radio (PCR), a request indicating that on a condition that the WTRU is disassociated from the first AP, the WTRU will enter a wake-up radio (WUR) only discovery mode. The WTRU may receive, from the first AP, via the PCR, a management frame that has WUR discovery elements including an indication of at least one channel used by a second AP. The WTRU may perform disassociation from the first AP. The WTRU may activate a WUR and deactivate the PCR. On a condition that the WTRU is disassociated from the first AP, the WTRU may receive, from the second AP, via the WUR, a WUR frame over the at least one channel to enable the WTRU to activate the PCR to initiate association.

Abstract: A method for use in a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD), and a non-AP MLD are disclosed. In the method, the non-AP MLD transmits, by a first station (STA) affiliated with the non-AP MLD to a first access point (AP) affiliated with an AP MLD, on a first link, a request for AP assistance, including information regarding a second link for which assistance data is requested. Then, the non-AP MLD receives, by a second STA affiliated with the non-AP MLD from a second AP affiliated with the AP MLD, on the second link, a trigger frame.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions comprising lycopene and to methods of using the same, such as for improving one or more skin parameters. e.g., prevention or treatment of various skin-related conditions caused by ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for privacy enhancement are provided herein. A method performed by a station, STA (201), may include transmitting, to an access point, AP (202), a first frame including information indicating that the STA (201) will use an over-the-air medium access control, otaMAC, address for a frame sent to the AP (202). The method may further include generating (210) a second frame for transmission to the AP (202) including a network MAC, nMAC, address of the STA (201), encrypting (211) the generated second frame, and replacing (212) the nMAC address with an otaMAC address either during the encryption or after the encryption. The method may further include transmitting (213) the encrypted second frame, including the otaMAC, to the AP (202), such that the AP (202) may replace (214) the otaMAC address with the nMAC address and decrypt (215) the second frame for forwarding via a distribution system, DS (203).

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for broadcast service negotiation and non-simultaneous transmit-receive (STR) channel blindness recovery are provided herein. Some methods performed by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU), may comprise operating over a first link; operating over a second link; receiving a frame including a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting associated with the second link, the NAV setting indicating a time duration; and sending a transmission over the first link, wherein a duration of the transmission over the first link is shorter than or equal to the time duration indicated by the NAV setting. The frame including the NAV setting indicates that the time duration may not be extended or modified. The method may further comprise sending, by the WTRU, an indication that it the WTRU is capable of performing a multi-link restricted transmission. The WTRU may enter a sleep mode on the first link after sending the transmission over the first link.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to implement features in the IEEE 802. 11ad+/ay protocols by utilizing combinations of analog and digital precoding (such as hybrid mmWave precoding) to enable multi-stream/multi-user transmissions. These systems and methods are also suitable for 5G wireless networks, such as found in 3GPP. These systems and methods address performing general precoder design, reducing of beam-training overhead with leak wave antennas, performing single-stage approximate precoding with enhanced SLS for SU-MIMO transmissions (eSLS1), performing multi-stage approximate precoding with enhanced SLS for SU-MIMO transmissions (eSLS2), and performing exact precoding with enhanced SLS for SU-MIMO transmissions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a composition comprising phytoene, phytofluene, and zeta carotene, and methods of using the same, such as for reducing collagen loss.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may utilize pre-configured rules for scaling power levels. Channels may be grouped based on a type of data to be transmitted. A power level of a channel from a group may be scaled using the pre-configured rules. A power level of a channel of a supplementary carrier may be scaled before another channel of a non-supplementary carrier.