Abstract: Interconnects containing ruthenium and methods of forming can include utilization of a sacrificial protective material. Planarization or other material removal operations can be performed on a substrate having a recess, the recess containing a ruthenium containing material along with the sacrificial protective material. The protective material is later removed, and a conductor can be filled in the remaining recess.

Abstract: A semiconductor device structure includes a passivation layer through which only non-semiconductor material-comprising structures are exposed. The semiconductor device structure is formed by selectively forming the passivation layer on an exposed semiconductor material-comprising surface by exposing surfaces of the semiconductor device to a liquid phase solution supersaturated in an oxide of the semiconductor material. Such a solution may include a hexafluoro acid of the semiconductor material. The oxide and acid may be present in amounts that facilitate deposition of the oxide onto exposed semiconductor material-comprising structures. The exposure may be conducted at substantially atmospheric temperature and pressure and may form a passivation layer in an abbreviated time, and without subsequent heat treatment.

Abstract: Microelectronic devices with improved heat dissipation, methods of making microelectronic devices, and methods of cooling microelectronic devices are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the microelectronic device includes a microelectronic substrate having a first surface, a second surface facing opposite from the first surface, and a plurality of active devices at least proximate to the first surface. The second surface has a plurality of heat transfer surface features that increase the surface area of the second surface. In another embodiment, an enclosure having a heat sink and a single or multi-phase thermal conductor can be positioned adjacent to the second surface to transfer heat from the active devices.

Abstract: A method for forming a nickel cap layer over copper metalized bond pad is disclosed in which the phosphorous content of the nickel cap, and particularly the surface of the nickel cap, may be controlled. The phosphorous content of the surface of the nickel cap is suitably determined such that oxidation is inhibited. The resulting nickel cap may be wire-bonded directly, without the deposition of a gold cap layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for plating facilitates the plating of a small contact feature of a wafer die while providing a relatively stable plating bath. The method utilizes a supplemental plating structure that is larger than a die contact that is to be plated. The supplemental plating structure may be located on the wafer, and is conductively connected to the die contact. Conductive connection between the die contact and the supplemental plating structure facilitates the plating of the die contact. The supplemental plating structure also can be used to probe test the die prior to singulation.

Abstract: A method for applying a passivation layer selectively on an exposed silicon surface from a liquid phase solution supersaturated in silicon dioxide. The immersion is conducted at substantially atmospheric temperature and pressure and achieves an effective passivation layer in an abbreviated immersion time, and without subsequent heat treatment. In one embodiment, rapid coating of a wafer back side with silicon dioxide permits the use of a high-speed electroless process for plating the bond pad with a solder-enhancing material. In another embodiment, the walls of via holes and microvia holes in a silicon body may be passivated by immersion in the supersaturated solution prior to plugging the holes with conductive material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for forming a tapered contact structure over a contact pad. The tapered contact structure may be used to securely anchor an overlying solder bump or solder ball. Additionally, the tapered contact structure allows the use of either larger contact pads or, alternately, allows a greater density of contact pads to be achieved on an integrated circuit substrate.

Abstract: A method for forming a nickel cap layer over copper metalized bond pad is disclosed in which the phosphorous content of the nickel cap, and particularly the surface of the nickel cap, may be controlled. The phosphorous content of the surface of the nickel cap is suitably determined such that oxidation is inhibited. The resulting nickel cap may be wire-bonded directly, without the deposition of a gold cap layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for plating facilitates the plating of a small contact feature of a wafer die while providing a relatively stable plating bath. The method utilizes a supplemental plating structure that is larger than a die contact that is to be plated. The supplemental plating structure may be located on the wafer, and is conductively connected to the die contact. Conductive connection between the die contact and the supplemental plating structure facilitates the plating of the die contact. The supplemental plating structure also can be used to probe test the die prior to singulation.

Abstract: A method for forming a nickel cap layer over copper metalized bond pad is disclosed in which the phosphorous content of the nickel cap, and particularly the surface of the nickel cap, may be controlled. The phosphorous content of the surface of the nickel cap is suitably determined such that oxidation is inhibited. The resulting nickel cap may be wire-bonded directly, without the deposition of a gold cap layer.