Abstract: The invention provides a cell co-culture for the selective evaluation of the response of a cell of interest in the co-culture, and methods of using the co-culture. The cell co-culture and the methods are suitable for large-scale/high throughput screening for compounds useful for affecting at least one biological function or event of at least one cell type in the co-culture. The invention further provides kits for using the screening assays.

Abstract: The invention provides a cell co-culture for the selective evaluation of the response of a cell of interest in the co-culture, and methods of using the co-culture. The cell co-culture and the methods are suitable for large-scale/high throughput screening for compounds useful for affecting at least one biological function or event of at least one cell type in the co-culture. The invention further provides kits for using the screening assays.

Abstract: The invention provides a cell co-culture for the selective evaluation of the response of a cell of interest in the co-culture, and methods of using the co-culture. The cell co-culture and the methods are suitable for large-scale/high throughput screening for compounds useful for affecting at least one biological function or event of at least one cell type in the co-culture. The invention further provides kits for using the screening assays.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment applied to an automotive vehicle engine with an exhaust turbocharger and an exhaust treatment device operative at elevated temperature and located after the turbine in the exhaust system, warm-up of the treatment device is speeded by a bypass system and valve that cuts off exhaust gas flow through the turbine and supplies the engine exhaust directly to the treatment device until its operating temperature is reached, after which the bypass is closed and normal flow through the turbine is provided. Additional features are also described.

Abstract: A turbocharged internal combustion engine has a carburetor fuel metering control rod, an ignition timing control member, an exhaust gas recirculation control pintle, and an induction air temperature control damper operated in a response to vacuum signals created by the pressure in the induction passage between the throttle and the turbocharger compressor and a valve which bleeds the vacuum signals to atmospheric pressure when the compressor discharge pressure rises above a selected value to establish a rich air-fuel mixture, retard ignition timing, inhibit exhaust gas recirculation and provide cool induction air flow for maximum power operation.