Abstract: The swing mat sports training aid which will hereafter be referred to as a foot positioning training aid. It is for preparation and instructing individuals in the proper positioning of their feet when engaged in various activities in which the position and movement of the feet are critical to accurate execution of desired functions. The training aid includes a generally rectangular panel which can be sustained on various supporting surfaces and is provided with a non-centered raised feature to position the feet and forms a barrier to movement in the direction required for the execution of desired functions. This raised feature does not fully restrict movement however.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus includes a rigid connector link having a first portion rotatably connected to a crank, a second portion constrained to move in reciprocating fashion, and a third portion connected to a foot support. The resulting assembly links rotation of the crank to movement of the foot support through a generally elliptical path. The connection points may be moved relative to one another and/or a supporting frame to adjust the size, shape, and/or orientation of the path.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus includes left and right rigid connector links having first portions rotatably connected to respective cranks, second portions constrained to move in reciprocating fashion, and third portions configured to support a person's feet. The resulting assembly links rotation of the cranks to movement of the foot supports through generally elliptical paths. The connection points may be moved relative to one another and/or a supporting frame to adjust the size, shape, and/or orientation of the paths.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus includes a rigid connector link having a first portion rotatably connected to a respective crank, a second portion constrained to move in reciprocating fashion, and a third portion connected to a foot support. The resulting assembly links rotation of the crank to movement of the foot support through a generally elliptical path. The connection points may be moved relative to one another and/or a supporting frame to adjust the size, shape, and/or orientation of the path.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus has a linkage assembly which links rotation of an adjustable length crank to generally elliptical movement of a force receiving member. The linkage assembly includes a first link having a rearward end which is rotatably connected to the crank, and a forward end which is rotatably connected to a lower end of a suspended link. An upper portion of the suspended link is rotatably connected to the exercise apparatus frame.

Abstract: Various linkage arrangements link rotation of left and right cranks to movement of left and right foot supports through generally elliptical paths. The linkage arrangements may also link rotation of the cranks to reciprocal movement of left and right handles. Also, connection points defined by the linkage arrangements may be moved relative to one another and/or a supporting frame to adjust the size, shape, and/or orientation of the elliptical paths.

Abstract: Various linkage arrangements link rotation of left and right cranks to movement of left and right foot supports through generally elliptical paths. The linkage arrangements may also link rotation of the cranks to reciprocal movement of left and right handles. Also, connection points defined by the linkage arrangements may be moved relative to one another and/or a supporting frame to adjust the size, shape, and/or orientation of the elliptical paths.

Abstract: An elliptical motion rowing machine includes a frame, a linkage assembly movably mounted on the frame in such a manner that a portion of the linkage assembly moves through an elliptical path, and a seat mounted on that portion. A foot platform is preferably provided to support a person's feet, and handlebars are preferably provided to support a person's hands. The handlebars may be movably mounted on the frame, and may also be connected to the linkage assembly for synchronized movement with the seat.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus includes left and right support members movably connected to a frame, left and right force receiving members mounted on respective support members for movement along the support members without rotating relative to the support members, and left and right cranks rotatably mounted on the frame and linked to respective support members and respective force receiving members in a manner that constrains the force receiving members to move through respective elliptical paths in response to rotation of the cranks.

Abstract: An exercise machine for exercising the lower body, the upper body, or both simultaneously. The mechanism consists of a crank, a rocker, a connector link, and a stationary fourth link so arranged as to cause a portion of the connector link to travel about a closed curve resembling an ellipse, a tear drop shape, or any variation thereof. A flywheel and/or force resisting means may be added to provide inertial characteristics and drag resistance to the operator.

Abstract: An exercise apparatus has a force receiving member movably interconnected between a crank and a frame with a degree of freedom for variable length exercise strokes as a function of user applied force.