Abstract: The invention relates to recombinant host cells that expresses one or more genes encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme capable of N-demethylating and/O-demethylating reticuline and/or derivatives thereof, and also methods of producing a N-demethylated and/or O-demethylated reticuline and/or derivatives thereof, comprising cultivating the recombinant host of the invention in a culture medium under conditions in which the one or more genes encoding the cytochrome P450 enzymes is/are expressed. The reticuline and derivatives thereof are useful for providing access to naturally unavailable and chemically difficult-to-produce starting materials for opioids.

Abstract: The invention relates to recombinant host cells that expresses one or more genes encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme capable of N-demethylating and/O-demethylating reticuline and/or derivatives thereof, and also methods of producing a N-demethylated and/or O-demethylated reticuline and/or derivatives thereof, comprising cultivating the recombinant host of the invention in a culture medium under conditions in which the one or more genes encoding the cytochrome P450 enzymes is/are expressed. The reticuline and derivatives thereof are useful for providing access to naturally unavailable and chemically difficult-to-produce starting materials for opioids.

Abstract: The invention relates to norcoclaurine synthases and substrate binding sites having one or more site-specific mutation which increase the activity, when compared to the wild type synthase, of the condensation of 4-HPAA and dopamine to (S)-norcoclaurine and/or 3,4-DhPAA and dopamine to (S)-norlaudanosoline. The inventors both identified specific mutations corresponding to at position 73, 75, 77, 82, 99, 114, 141, 142, 147, 152, 174 and/or 178 in the count according to SEQ ID No: 1, and sites corresponding to the binding domains defined in SEQ ID NO: 4 and 5, where the mutated increase of the activity may be positioned within these norcoclaurine synthases. These domains are conserved regions.

Abstract: The invention relates to recombinant host cells that expresses one or more genes encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme capable of N-demethylating and/O-demethylating reticuline and/or derivatives thereof, and also methods of producing a N-demethylated and/or O-demethylated reticuline and/or derivatives thereof, comprising cultivating the recombinant host of the invention in a culture medium under conditions in which the one or more genes encoding the cytochrome P450 enzymes is/are expressed. The reticuline and derivatives thereof are useful for providing access to naturally unavailable and chemically difficult-to-produce starting materials for opioids.

Abstract: The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides, glycosides of steviol precursors, and steviol glycoside precursors.

Abstract: The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides, glycosides of steviol precursors, and steviol glycoside precursors.

Abstract: The invention relates to recombinant microorganisms and methods for producing steviol glycosides, glycosides of steviol precursors, and steviol glycoside precursors.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor modulator compounds of formula (I); wherein A, B, R1-R5, T, W, X, Y, Z and m are defined herein, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and to their use in the treatment of conditions associated with 5-HT action.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor modulator compounds of formula (I); wherein A, B, R1-R5, T, W, X, Y, Z and m are defined herein, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and to their use in the treatment of conditions associated with 5-HT action.

Abstract: This invention describes the design and therapeutic use of antisense peptides for immunomodulation. Specifically applications include blocking the interaction of immunoglobulin G (IgG) with Fc&ggr; receptors (FC&ggr;R) and blocking the interaction of immunoglobulin E (IgE) with Fc&egr;RI or IgA with Fc&agr;RI. This invention also describes the application of antisense peptides to target vaccines to Fc&ggr;R to induce or suppress immunity, and also describes the application of antisense peptide specific for Fc&ggr;R or Fc&agr;RI to direct cytotoxic effector cells to target cells or pathogens.