Abstract: A chilled ammonia capture system for capturing carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream comprises a first absorber and a second absorber. The first absorber operates at a temperature of about 25 to about 50 degrees Celsius. The operating temperature permits the use of a lower circulation rate, which leads to smaller diameter vessels and to fewer recirculation pumps, which in turn leads to lower operating and maintenance costs.

Abstract: A method for capturing ammonia present in combustion flue gas subjected to carbon dioxide removal, using a water wash unit (102) included in a chilled ammonia process, comprises: providing CO2 loaded liquid (122) comprising CO2 dissolved in the liquid; providing wash water liquid (108, 138); combining the CO2 loaded liquid with the wash water liquid to form CO2 enriched wash water liquid (105, 106) before the liquid is added said water wash unit (102); and bringing said combustion flue gas into contact with said CO2 enriched wash water liquid by adding the CO2 enriched wash water liquid to said water wash unit (102).

Abstract: Systems for regenerating an absorbent solution include steam produced by a boiler; a set of pressure turbines fluidly coupled to the boiler for receiving the steam, wherein the set of pressure turbines comprises a high pressure turbine, a medium pressure turbine and a low pressure turbine; and a regenerating system comprising a regenerator for regenerating a rich and/or semi-rich absorbent solution to form a lean absorbent solution in fluid communication with a reboiler, the regenerating system fluidly coupled to the set of pressure turbines, wherein steam from the low pressure turbine provides a heat source for preheating the rich or the semi-rich absorbent solution fed to the regenerator. Also disclosed are processes of use.

Abstract: A method for reducing energy requirements of a CO2 capture system comprises: contacting a flue gas stream with a CO2 lean absorbent stream in an absorber, thereby removing CO2 from the flue gas and providing a CO2 rich absorbent stream; heating a first portion of the CO2 rich absorbent stream using heat from the CO2 lean absorbent stream, and providing the heated first portion of the CO2 rich absorbent stream to a regenerator; providing a second portion of the CO2 rich absorbent stream to the regenerator, wherein the heated first portion is hotter than the second portion and the heated first portion is provided to the regenerator at a lower elevation in the regenerator relative to that of the second portion.

Abstract: Processes for operating an ammonia stripper at a low pressure in a gas purification system include providing a first side-draw stream from the ammonia stripper; heating the first side-draw stream with a second side-draw stream from a regenerator; providing a stripper offgas stream from the ammonia stripper to a stripper overhead condenser; and utilizing the stripper offgas stream as a heat source for a regenerating system fluidly coupled to the stripper overhead condenser. Also disclosed are systems for implementing the processes.

Abstract: A system is arranged to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from a gas stream by bringing the gas stream into contact with a circulating ammoniated solution stream such that CO2 is removed from the gas stream by the ammoniated solution stream. A method of removing non-volatile compounds from the circulating ammoniated solution stream includes: introducing a portion of the circulating ammoniated solution stream into a gas-liquid separating device; and separating the introduced ammoniated solution into an ammonia rich gas phase and a liquid phase comprising the non-volatile compounds; and reintroducing the ammonia rich gas phase into the circulating ammoniated solution stream.

Abstract: A method for capturing ammonia present in combustion flue gas subjected to carbon dioxide removal, using a water wash unit (102) included in a chilled ammonia process, comprises: providing CO2 loaded liquid (122) comprising CO2 dissolved in the liquid; providing wash water liquid (108, 138); combining the CO2 loaded liquid with the wash water liquid to form CO2 enriched wash water liquid (105, 106) before the liquid is added said water wash unit (102); and bringing said combustion flue gas into contact with said CO2 enriched wash water liquid by adding the CO2 enriched wash water liquid to said water wash unit (102).

Abstract: A process of CO2 removal from a flue gas, comprising: (a) contacting a flue gas with a CO2 lean ammonia-comprising medium to produce a CO2 rich ammonia-comprising medium; (b) heating the CO2 rich ammonia-comprising medium to produce a regenerated CO2 lean ammonia-comprising medium; and (c) supplying the regenerated CO2 lean ammonia-comprising medium to said absorber; (d) identifying a desired mole ratio of ammonia to CO2 of the CO2 lean ammonia-comprising medium; (e) predicting a desired temperature of regenerated CO2 lean ammonia-comprising medium present in a sump of a regeneration vessel or predicting a desired operating pressure of a regeneration vessel; (f) controlling the temperature of regenerated CO2 lean ammonia-comprising medium present in the sump of the regeneration vessel or the operating pressure of the regeneration vessel. A system for removal of CO2 from a flue gas, comprising: i.a. a control unit.

Abstract: Processes for operating an ammonia stripper at a low pressure in a gas purification system include providing a first side-draw stream from the ammonia stripper; heating the first side-draw stream with a second side-draw stream from a regenerator; providing a stripper offgas stream from the ammonia stripper to a stripper overhead condenser; and utilizing the stripper offgas stream as a heat source for a regenerating system fluidly coupled to the stripper overhead condenser. Also disclosed are systems for implementing the processes.

Abstract: Processes for operating an ammonia stripper at a low pressure in a gas purification system include providing a first side-draw stream from the ammonia stripper; heating the first side-draw stream with a second side-draw stream from a regenerator; providing a stripper offgas stream from the ammonia stripper to a stripper overhead condenser; and utilizing the stripper offgas stream as a heat source for a regenerating system fluidly coupled to the stripper overhead condenser. Also disclosed are systems for implementing the processes.

Abstract: Systems for regenerating an absorbent solution include steam produced by a boiler; a set of pressure turbines fluidly coupled to the boiler for receiving the steam, wherein the set of pressure turbines comprises a high pressure turbine, a medium pressure turbine and a low pressure turbine; and a regenerating system comprising a regenerator for regenerating a rich and/or semi-rich absorbent solution to form a lean absorbent solution in fluid communication with a reboiler, the regenerating system fluidly coupled to the set of pressure turbines, wherein steam from the low pressure turbine provides a heat source for preheating the rich or the semi-rich absorbent solution fed to the regenerator. Also disclosed are processes of use.

Abstract: A chilled ammonia capture system for capturing carbon dioxide from a flue gas stream comprises a first absorber and a second absorber. The first absorber operates at a temperature of about 25 to about 50 degrees Celsius. The operating temperature permits the use of a lower circulation rate, which leads to smaller diameter vessels and to fewer recirculation pumps, which in turn leads to lower operating and maintenance costs.

Abstract: A method for reducing energy requirements of a CO2 capture system comprises: contacting a flue gas stream with a CO2 lean absorbent stream in an absorber, thereby removing CO2 from the flue gas and providing a CO2 rich absorbent stream; heating a first portion of the CO2 rich absorbent stream using heat from the CO2 lean absorbent stream, and providing the heated first portion of the CO2 rich absorbent stream to a regenerator; providing a second portion of the CO2 rich absorbent stream to the regenerator, wherein the heated first portion is hotter than the second portion and the heated first portion is provided to the regenerator at a lower elevation in the regenerator relative to that of the second portion.

Abstract: A system is arranged to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from a gas stream by bringing the gas stream into contact with a circulating ammoniated solution stream such that CO2 is removed from the gas stream by the ammoniated solution stream. A method of removing non-volatile compounds from the circulating ammoniated solution stream includes: introducing a portion of the circulating ammoniated solution stream into a gas-liquid separating device; and separating the introduced ammoniated solution into an ammonia rich gas phase and a liquid phase comprising the non-volatile compounds; and reintroducing the ammonia rich gas phase into the circulating ammoniated solution stream.

Abstract: A method of producing a gaseous product, for instance gaseous oxygen in accordance with a cyclical demand pattern having high and low periods of demand. During periods of high demand, liquid is vaporized against condensing air which is in turn stored. During low demand periods, product is accumulated and previously stored liquid air is introduced into the column. During both high and low periods of demand liquid product is drawn to reduce the percentage variance in the required flow rate to the booster compressor used in producing the air to be liquefied. Preferably, during periods of high demand, a turbine used in generating refrigeration can be turned down to increase the amount of air available for condensation and with a reduction in production of liquid product.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of separating air to produce an oxygen product. In accordance with the method and apparatus the air is rectified within a double column arrangement. The lower pressure column has lower and intermediate reboilers. Nitrogen from the higher pressure column is compressed and sent to the lower reboiler and oxygen tower overhead from the higher pressure column is fed to the intermediate reboiler. The resultant liquid is used to reflux both columns. The advantages in the arrangement set forth above is that the higher pressure column may be made to operate at a lower pressure to conserve energy.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating out is used to produce an oxygen product in which an air stream after having been compressed and purified is introduced into a bottom reblower located in a bottom region of the distillation column to produce boil up in such distillation column. The resultant air stream liquefies to produce a liquid air stream. The liquid air stream after having been valve expanded is stripped within the distillation column to produce a column bottoms which can be extracted as a product stream that is vaporized within a main heat exchanger. Product stream can be pressurized by being pumped to atmospheric a pressure hence liquefying a further compressed air stream to produce further liquid air is also stripped within the distillation column. The distillation column operates at near atmospheric pressures that is pressures between 1 and 1.3 bar absolute. Refrigeration is introduced into the plant by injecting liquid preferably liquid oxygen into a bottom region of the distillation column.

Abstract: A method of operating a lower pressure of column of a double distillation column unit. In accordance with the method an ascending vapor phase is initiated within a lower pressure column by vaporizing a descending liquid phase at a column location situated between mass transfer elements and a sump region of the lower pressure column. The liquid phase is vaporized within two or more down-flow reboilers fed with the liquid phase so that the unboiled liquid from one of the down-flow reboilers is fed to another of the down-flow reboilers, thereby to cause vaporization to be distributed between the down-flow reboilers. The down-flow reboilers are configured such that sufficient vaporization occurs to produce a predetermined liquid-vapor ratio at the column location between the transfer elements and the sump without the requirement of recirculating sump liquid to prevent dry out.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for separating air to produce an oxygen product in which air is separated within a double column arrangement. In the double column arrangement part of the air to be separated reboils a lower pressure column and is then introduced into the higher pressure column for separation. Another part of the air is partially cooled and then expanded with the performance of work and then introduced into the lower pressure column to supply part of the refrigeration requirements. The remaining part of the refrigeration requirements is supplied by partially vaporizing a crude liquid oxygen stream within a head condenser used to produce reflux for the higher and lower pressure columns. The partially vaporized stream is then phase separated into liquid and vapor phases. The liquid phase is introduced into the lower pressure column and the vapor stream after having been partially warmed is turboexpanded to provide the remaining refrigeration requirements of the plant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making gaseous oxygen at a delivery pressure in a single column oxygen generator. In accordance with the method and apparatus, a column bottoms stream composed of the product is pumped to the delivery pressure and then vaporized. A liquid coolant stream used in condensing reflux is recompressed by a recycle compressor and then recycled back into the bottom of the column. Such recycled stream has a higher nitrogen content than the column bottoms. Part of the nitrogen tower overhead, not used in forming the reflux, is turbo-expanded by a turbo-expander coupled to the recycle compressor.