Abstract: Standards for non-destructive testing methodologies and methods of fabricating the standards are disclosed herein. The standards include a void-defect coupon that includes a spheroidal void and an elongated void. The spheroidal void has a maximum dimension and a spheroidal void volume. The elongated void had a longitudinal dimension, a maximum transverse dimension, and an elongated void volume. The longitudinal dimension of the elongated void is greater than the maximum dimension of the spheroidal void. The maximum transverse dimension of the elongated void is less than the maximum dimension of the spheroidal void. The methods include forming a first void-defect coupon and forming a second void-defect coupon.

Abstract: Standards for non-destructive testing methodologies and methods of fabricating the standards are disclosed herein. The standards include a void-defect coupon that includes a spheroidal void and an elongated void. The spheroidal void has a maximum dimension and a spheroidal void volume. The elongated void had a longitudinal dimension, a maximum transverse dimension, and an elongated void volume. The longitudinal dimension of the elongated void is greater than the maximum dimension of the spheroidal void. The maximum transverse dimension of the elongated void is less than the maximum dimension of the spheroidal void. The methods include forming a first void-defect coupon and forming a second void-defect coupon.

Abstract: A titanium alloy composition that includes, other than impurities, about 7.0 to about 9.0 percent by weight vanadium (V), about 3.0 to about 4.5 percent by weight aluminum (Al), about 0.8 to about 1.5 percent by weight iron (Fe), about 0.14 to about 0.22 percent by weight oxygen (O), optionally about 0.8 to about 2.4 percent by weight chromium (Cr), and the balance titanium.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for creation of discrete corrosion defects with a wide range of diameter to depth aspect ratios for painted test standards. Also provided are methods for use of those test standards to characterize the corrosion under paint detection threshold, statistical reliability, and accuracy of NDI and/or NDT techniques including but not limited to flash thermography, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, microwave testing, shearography, and infrared testing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for creation of discrete corrosion defects with a wide range of diameter to depth aspect ratios for painted test standards. Also provided are methods for use of those test standards to characterize the corrosion under paint detection threshold, statistical reliability, and accuracy of NDI and/or NDT techniques including but not limited to flash thermography, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, microwave testing, shearography, and infrared testing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for creation of discrete corrosion defects with a wide range of diameter to depth aspect ratios for painted test standards. Also provided are methods for use of those test standards to characterize the corrosion under paint detection threshold, statistical reliability, and accuracy of NDI and/or NDT techniques including but not limited to flash thermography, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, microwave testing, shearography, and infrared testing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for creation of discrete corrosion defects with a wide range of diameter to depth aspect ratios for painted test standards. Also provided are methods for use of those test standards to characterize the corrosion under paint detection threshold, statistical reliability, and accuracy of NDI and/or NDT techniques including but not limited to flash thermography, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, microwave testing, shearography, and infrared testing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for creation of discrete corrosion defects with a wide range of diameter to depth aspect ratios for painted test standards. Also provided are methods for use of those test standards to characterize the corrosion under paint detection threshold, statistical reliability, and accuracy of NDI and/or NDT techniques including but not limited to flash thermography, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, microwave testing, shearography, and infrared testing.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for creation of discrete corrosion defects with a wide range of diameter to depth aspect ratios for painted test standards. Also provided are methods for use of those test standards to characterize the corrosion under paint detection threshold, statistical reliability, and accuracy of NDI and/or NDT techniques including but not limited to flash thermography, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, microwave testing, shearography, and infrared testing.