Abstract: A sample cell includes an annular support surrounding a sample region. A set of reflectors of the annular support define an optical path that reflects a source beam in a sequence of alternating directions through the sample region at a plurality of different angles such that the source beam exits the set of reflectors after having passed through the sample region a plurality of times. A micro-cell is positionable in the sample region including multi-dimensionally distributed nano-pores. A slidingly adjustable lens forms part of source and detector photomixing packages.

Abstract: A sample cell includes an annular support surrounding a sample region. A set of reflectors of the annular support define an optical path that reflects a source beam in a sequence of alternating directions through the sample region at a plurality of different angles such that the source beam exits the set of reflectors after having passed through the sample region a plurality of times. A micro-cell is positionable in the sample region including multi-dimensionally distributed nano-pores. A slidingly adjustable lens forms part of source and detector photomixing packages.

Abstract: A sample cell includes an annular support surrounding a sample region. A set of reflectors of the annular support define an optical path that reflects a source beam in a sequence of alternating directions through the sample region at a plurality of different angles such that the source beam exits the set of reflectors after having passed through the sample region a plurality of times. A micro-cell is positionable in the sample region including multi-dimensionally distributed nano-pores. A slidingly adjustable lens forms part of source and detector photomixing packages.

Abstract: A sample cell includes an annular support surrounding a sample region. A set of reflectors of the annular support define an optical path that reflects a source beam in a sequence of alternating directions through the sample region at a plurality of different angles such that the source beam exits the set of reflectors after having passed through the sample region a plurality of times. A micro-cell is positionable in the sample region including multi-dimensionally distributed nano-pores. A slidingly adjustable lens forms part of source and detector photomixing packages.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment providing one or more improvements includes an endoscope which utilizes a single coherent fiber bundle for simultaneously carrying imaging and illumination light.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment providing one or more improvements includes an endoscope which utilizes a single coherent fiber bundle for simultaneously carrying imaging and illumination light.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment providing one or more improvements includes a micro endoscope having steering, rotation and tool control function which can be utilized for insertion using a needle and catheter for performing arthroscopy and endoscopic procedures.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment providing one or more improvements includes an endoscope connector for connecting any given one of a plurality of working assemblies to an imaging assembly.

Abstract: Highly advantageous spectrometer systems and associated methods are disclosed which utilize phase modulation in conjunction with first and second harmonic detection to reduce or eliminate negative impacts from interference patterns.

Abstract: A highly advantageous terahertz spectrometer with phase modulation and associated method are disclosed which utilize a second harmonic for generating an error signal to control a phase modulator to at least reduce nulls of an interference pattern.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus for analyzing, identifying or imaging a target. The apparatus comprises a laser system which generates first and second laser beams having respective different frequencies, and directs the first and second laser beams along an optical path to a photoconductive material. An antenna structure is formed on the photoconductive material, the antenna structure comprises a first antenna for emitting electromagnetic radiation having a frequency dependent on the difference between said respective different frequencies of the first and second laser beams and a second antenna for generating a detection signal. A processor processes the detection signal to analyze, identify or image the target. The laser system is arranged such that the first and second laser beams overlap in a region of a surface of the photoconductive material having at least part of the first and second antennas formed thereon.

Abstract: Highly advantageous spectrometer systems and associated methods are disclosed which utilize phase modulation in conjunction with first and second harmonic detection to reduce or eliminate negative impacts from interference patterns.

Abstract: Highly advantageous transceiver systems with common mode phase drift rejection and associated methods are disclosed which utilize certain phase modulators in configurations that reduce or eliminate inconsistent interference patterns caused by phase modulator phase drift.

Abstract: Apparatus for analyzing, identifying, or imaging a target is configured to avoid and/or prevent nulls that may occur periodically during a terahertz sweep. Exemplary apparatus may utilize a second harmonic lock-in amplifier to generate an error signal used to adjust a DC bias of a phase modulator to maintain an in-phase relationship between beams to avoid nulls in an output signal during frequency sweeping.

Abstract: A highly advantageous terahertz spectrometer with phase modulation and associated method are disclosed which utilize a second harmonic for generating an error signal to control a phase modulator to at least reduce nulls of an interference pattern.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing, identifying or imaging an target including first and second laser beams coupled to a pair of photoconductive switches to produce CW signals in one or more bands in a range of frequencies greater than 100 GHz focused on and transmitted through or reflected from the target; and a detector for acquiring spectral information from signals received from the target and using a multi-spectral heterodyne process to generate an electrical signal representative of some characteristics of the target. The lasers are tuned to different frequencies and a frequency shifter in the path of one laser beam allows the terahertz beam to be finely adjusted in one or more selected frequency bands.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing, identifying or imaging an target including first and second laser beams coupled to a pair of photoconductive switches to produce CW signals in one or more bands in a range of frequencies greater than 100 GHz focused on, and transmitted through or reflected from the target; and a detector for acquiring spectral information from signals received from the target and using a multi-spectral heterodyne process to generate an electrical signal representative of some characteristics of the target. The lasers are tuned to different frequencies and a phase modulator in the path of one laser beam allows the constructive or destructive interference of the signals on the detector as the laser beams are swept in frequency to be adjusted to achieve greater resolution in one or more selected frequency bands.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment providing one or more improvements includes an endoscope connector for connecting any given one of a plurality of working assemblies to an imaging assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing, identifying or imaging an target including first and second laser beams coupled to a pair of photoconductive switches to produce CW signals in one or more bands in a range of frequencies greater than 100 GHz focused on and transmitted through or reflected from the target; and a detector for acquiring spectral information from signals received from the target and using a multi-spectral heterodyne process to generate an electrical signal representative of some characteristics of the target. The lasers are tuned to different frequencies and a frequency shifter in the path of one laser beam allows the terahertz beam to be finely adjusted in one or more selected frequency bands.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment providing one or more improvements includes an endoscope connector for connecting any given one of a plurality of working assemblies to an imaging assembly.