Abstract: An apparatus for developing a latent image recorded on a surface, including a housing defining a chamber storing a supply of developer material including toner; a toner donor member spaced from the surface and being adapted to transport toner to a region opposed from the surface, the donor member having an electrode member associated therewith; developer material is conveyed in the chamber of the housing onto the donor member; a first AC source for AC biasing the electrode member; and a second AC source for AC biasing the electrode member with an AC rectified waveform, said first and second AC source coacting to detach toner from said donor member as to form a toner cloud for developing the latent image.

Abstract: A process for avoiding or minimizing comet formation which comprises dispersing in a magnetic toner comprised of resin particles, a first magnetite, carbon black, charge additive, and wax, a second soft magnetite; and wherein the toner contains a silica surface additive.

Abstract: A process for avoiding, reducing, or minimizing comet formation which comprises adding to the surface of a magnetic toner comprised of resin particles, magnetite, carbon black, optional charge additive, and wax, a surface additive mixture of silica, and magnetite.