Abstract: An external liquid level gauge determines the level of interface between a flowable material and the void volume above it within a container or storage tank. The flowable material has fluidic properties and a faster rate of heat transfer than the void volume. The liquid level gauge comprises at least one elongated strip of thermochromatic ink, typically a leucodye ink, that is affixed to one surface of a shrink wrap plastic material sleeve which is, in turn, shrunk onto the vertical periphery of the container and adhered in place by hoop stress established in the wrapper material. The wrapper may be heat or UV shrinkable, or it may be stretchable with an elastic memory.

Abstract: A level detector for storage tanks for fluids comprises a microprocessor, a network of resistive elements connected in series or parallel, and a plurality of conductive elements between them, connected across a power source. The resistive elements have a high temperature coefficient, and are heated by passing a high electric current through them, after which a low electric current is passed through them and the voltage between them is sampled by the microprocessor. The resistive elements lose heat through conduction, so that a pair of resistive elements can be detected having differential cooling between them as a consequence of being adjacent to the void within the tank or the fluid within the tank. Thus, an approximation of the fluid level within the storage tank can be determined and signalled remotely.

Abstract: A level indicator and method is provided which is intimately affixed to the outside surface of the outside wall of a container, for use in the determination of the level of the interface between a liquid and the void volume above it within a container. The level indicator includes a thermochromic leucodye ink layer which has at least one, and usually at least two, leucodye inks. Each of the leucodye inks responds chromatically within a different operating temperature range. In one embodiment, the level indicator vertically extends substantially the height of the container. In an alternative embodiment, the level indicator vertically extends along the height of the container, in the region of the top portion of the container, and at least above the legal safe-fill level of the liquid within the container such that overfilling of the liquid in the container is detectable.

Abstract: A level indicator and method is provided which is intimately affixed to the outside surface of the outside wall of a container, for use in the determination of the level of the interface between a liquid and the void volume above it within a container. The level indicator includes a thermochromic leucodye ink layer which has at least one, and usually at least two, leucodye inks. Each of the leucodye inks responds chromatically within a different operating temperature range. In one embodiment, the level indicator vertically extends substantially the height of the container. In an alternative embodiment, the level indicator vertically extends along the height of the container, in the region of the top portion of the container, and at least above the legal safe-fill level of the liquid within the container such that overfilling of the liquid in the container is detectable.

Abstract: A level detector for storage tanks for fluids comprises a microprocessor, a network of resistive elements connected in series or parallel, and a plurality of conductive elements between them, connected across a power source. The resistive elements have a high temperature coefficient, and are heated by passing a high electric current through them, after which a low electric current is passed through them and the voltage between them is sampled by the microprocessor. The resistive elements lose heat through conduction, so that a pair of resistive elements can be detected having differential cooling between them as a consequence of being adjacent to the void within the tank or the fluid within the tank. Thus, an approximation of the fluid level within the storage tank can be determined and signalled remotely.

Abstract: A level indicator and method is provided which is intimately affixed to the outside surface of the outside wall of a container, for use in the determination of the level of the interface between a mass of flowable material and the void volume above it within a container. The level indicator includes a thermochromataic layer which has at least two thermochromatic materials. Each of the thermochromatic materials responds chromatically within a different operating temperature range. In one embodiment, the level indicator vertically extends substantially the height of the container. In an alternative embodiment, the level indicator vertically extends along the height of the container, in the region of the top portion of the container, and at least above the legal safe-fill level of the flowable material within the container such that overfilling of the flowable material in the container is detectable.

Abstract: A level indicator and method is provided which is intimately affixed to the outside surface of the outside wall of a container, for use in the determination of the level of the interface between a mass of flowable material and the void volume above it within a container. The level indicator includes a thermochromataic layer which has at least two thermochromatic materials. Each of the thermochromatic materials responds chromatically within a different operating temperature range. In one embodiment, the level indicator vertically extends substantially the height of the container. In an alternative embodiment, the level indicator vertically extends along the height of the container, in the region of the top portion of the container, and at least above the legal safe-fill level of the flowable material within the container such that overfilling of the flowable material in the container is detectable.

Abstract: An external liquid level gauge may be provided for determining the level of the interface between a mass of flowable material and the void volume above it within a container. The external liquid level gauge is adapted to be affixed vertically to the outside wall of the container, extending along substantially the entire height. It is in the form of an elongated strip and comprises a layer of base material and a layer of thermochromatic materials. The thermochromatic layer further comprises a light absorbing background and at least two regions of thermochromatic materials which are arranged upon the light absorbing background. The regions of at least two thermochromatic materials are disposed in arrays thereof and are arranged entirely along the length of the external liquid level gauge. Moreover, each of the thermochromatic materials is arranged in an individual area and each thermochromatic material responds chromatically within a different operating temperature range.