Abstract: The method can include receiving a baseline signal curve, operating an electrified reactor, measuring a signal, optionally determining a state (e.g., state of health) of the electrified reactor, and controlling the electrified reactor based on the signal. The method can include receiving (e.g., determining, measuring, etc.) a resistance-temperature and/or resistance-time curve; operating an electrified reactor comprising resistively heating a porous catalytic element; measuring an electrical signal (e.g., resistance, current, voltage, etc.) of the electrified reactor; optionally inferring a temperature of the electrified reactor based on the electrical signal and the resistance-temperature, and controlling the electrified reactor based on the electrical signal. The system can include one or more of a reaction module (e.g., an electrical coupler or electrode and catalytic element, etc.), inlet and outlet valves, power source, electrical feedthroughs (e.g., leads, supports, etc.

Abstract: A reaction module can include two or more electric couplers; a porous substrate disposed with catalytic material (e.g. a catalytic element); and a bonding agent coupling the electric couplers to the porous substrate. The bonding agent can be applied in a wet state (e.g., as a paste, slurry, slip, etc.) and cured to form a rigid bond (e.g., via heating and/or chemical treatment). The composition of the bonding agent can be formulated to have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the electric couplers and the catalytic element during operation of the reaction module (e.g., to mitigate thermal stresses).

Abstract: An electrified reactor system can include optional insulation, an optional pressure housing, electrical connections to/from the catalytic module, a preheater, one or more heat exchangers, a reaction zone (e.g., a reaction module, a catalyst module, etc.), one or more optional preheaters, and an operation switcher (e.g., valve, rotatory switch, controller, etc.).

Abstract: The method can include receiving a baseline signal curve, operating a thermal reactor, measuring a signal, optionally determining a state (e.g., state of health) of the thermal reactor, and controlling the thermal reactor based on the signal. The method can include receiving (e.g., determining, measuring, etc.) a resistance-temperature and/or resistance-time curve; operating a thermal reactor comprising resistively heating a porous catalytic element; measuring an electrical signal (e.g., resistance, current, voltage, etc.) of the thermal reactor; optionally inferring a temperature of the thermal reactor based on the electrical signal and the resistance-temperature; and controlling the thermal reactor based on the electrical signal. The system can include one or more of a reaction module (e.g., an electrical coupler or electrode and catalytic element, etc.), inlet and outlet valves, power source, electrical feedthroughs (e.g., leads, supports, etc.), sensors, and computing system (e.g. controller).

Abstract: An electrified reactor system can include optional insulation, an optional pressure housing, electrical connections to/from the catalytic module, a preheater, one or more heat exchangers, a reaction zone (e.g., a reaction module, a catalyst module, etc.), one or more optional preheaters, and an operation switcher (e.g., valve, rotatory switch, controller, etc.).

Abstract: An electrified reactor system can include optional insulation, an optional pressure housing, electrical connections to/from the catalytic module, a preheater, one or more heat exchangers, a reaction zone (e.g., a reaction module, a catalyst module, etc.), one or more optional preheaters, and an operation switcher (e.g., valve, rotatory switch, controller, etc.).

Abstract: An electrical coupler for a resistively heated reactor system including an electrical conductor having a first end and a second end, defining a thickness therebetween, each of the first end and the second end having a first interface in the first end and a second interface in the second end and, at least one opening extending from the first end to the second end, the at least one opening configured to allow a fluid to flow through the electrical coupler.

Abstract: An electrified reactor system can include optional insulation, an optional pressure housing, electrical connections to/from the catalytic module, a preheater, one or more heat exchangers, a reaction zone (e.g., a reaction module, a catalyst module, etc.), one or more optional preheaters, and an operation switcher (e.g., valve, rotatory switch, controller, etc.).

Abstract: An electrical coupler for a resistively heated reactor system including an electrical conductor having a first end and a second end, defining a thickness therebetween, each of the first end and the second end having a first interface in the first end and a second interface in the second end and, at least one opening extending from the first end to the second end, the at least one opening configured to allow a fluid to flow through the electrical coupler.

Abstract: An electrical coupler for a resistively heated reactor system including an electrical conductor having a first end and a second end, defining a thickness therebetween, each of the first end and the second end having a first interface in the first end and a second interface in the second end and, at least one opening extending from the first end to the second end, the at least one opening configured to allow a fluid to flow through the electrical coupler.