Abstract: A reference material for and a method of calibrating at least one Raman spectrometer are disclosed. The reference material includes quantum dots distributed in a transparent condensed phase material such that light emitted by the reference material in response to receiving excitation light having an excitation wavelength provided by the Raman spectrometer(s) has a predetermined spectral intensity distribution in a spectral measurement range of the Raman spectrometer(s). The method includes designing, manufacturing and providing the reference material, determining an emission spectrum of the reference material, and calibrating each Raman spectrometer by determining a reference spectrum of the reference material and by adjusting a determination of spectral intensity values of intensity spectra performed by the Raman spectrometer based on the reference spectrum and the emission spectrum of the reference material.

Abstract: Flowcells and Raman analysis systems provide improved signal collection dynamics through increased solid-angle geometries and improved numerical aperture for near-diffraction-limited performance. A combined excitation/collection beam passes through a first optical material, a sample conduit and a second optical material. A concave reflective aspheric surface focuses and re-collimates the combined beam to and from a region of the sample within the conduit. The optical materials may comprise separate windows or may integrally form sidewalls the conduit. The reflective surface may be spaced apart from the second window or may be integrally formed with the second optical material. The focused region in the sample may approximate a point or a line, and at least a portion of the interior wall of the conduit may be reflective, causing the combined beam to pass through the sample region more than once to enhance collection efficiency.

Abstract: Raman analysis systems are partitioned to provide for cost-effective flame resistance and explosion resistance, including relatively small enclosures associated with particular subsystems. One or more of an excitation source, spectrograph and/or controller are disposed in separate, flame-resistant or explosion-resistant enclosures. A remote optical measurement probe may also be disposed in a separate flame-resistant or explosion-resistant enclosure. A grating and a detector of the spectrograph may be disposed in separate enclosures, with sealed windows therebetween to deliver a Raman spectral signal from the optical grating to the detector. The sealed window of the detector enclosure may serve the dual purpose of maintaining flame resistance or explosion resistance while maintaining cooling within the enclosure. Wireless interfaces may be used for communications between the enclosures where practical to reduce or eliminate physical electrical feedthroughs.

Abstract: Raman analysis systems are partitioned to provide for cost-effective flame resistance and explosion resistance, including relatively small enclosures associated with particular subsystems. One or more of an excitation source, spectrograph and/or controller are disposed in separate, flame-resistant or explosion-resistant enclosures. A remote optical measurement probe may also be disposed in a separate flame-resistant or explosion-resistant enclosure. A grating and a detector of the spectrograph may be disposed in separate enclosures, with sealed windows therebetween to deliver a Raman spectral signal from the optical grating to the detector. The sealed window of the detector enclosure may serve the dual purpose of maintaining flame resistance or explosion resistance while maintaining cooling within the enclosure. Wireless interfaces may be used for communications between the enclosures where practical to reduce or eliminate physical electrical feedthroughs.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for adaptive searching for healthcare information are disclosed. An example apparatus for searching healthcare information systems includes a search term counter to receive searched query terms and to receive roles of searchers entering the searched query terms, the search term counter to maintain statistics indicative of usage of the searched query terms according to roles of the corresponding searchers; an interface to receive one or more characters entered into a search field of a search service by a user; a user identifier to determine a role associated with the user; and a term selector to reference the statistics using the role associated with the user to identify a query term for suggestion to the user based on the received one or more characters and the role of the user, wherein the interface is to facilitate presentation of the identified query term as a suggestion to the user for the search service.

Abstract: A grass treatment device is provided, which comprises a motor configured to provide a power, a grass treatment tool configured to interact with and treat a grass surface, a drive mechanism configured to propel the device relative to the grass surface and a transmission operably positioned between the motor, the tool and the drive mechanism. The transmission is configured to transmit power from the motor independently to the tool and to the drive mechanism. The transmission is further configured to transform a constant output from the motor into independent variable powering of the tool and the drive mechanism.

Abstract: Thermally stable GRISMs comprise a substrate and cover plate composed of a first material keeps the spatial frequency of the grating stable with temperature, and a prism composed of a second material having lower thermal coefficient of refractive index than that of the first material. In the preferred embodiment, the first material is fused silica, and the second material is BK7 glass.

Abstract: A self-cleaning optical probe includes a probe body having a window with a surface oriented toward a sample under investigation. A sampling beam carrying wavelengths representative of the sample passes into the probe body through the window for analysis. A conduit, preferably forming part of the probe body, is used to carry a fluid to the surface of the window oriented toward the sample, and a partition proximate to the window is used to direct the fluid across the window as a laminar flow. The partition further includes an aperture through which the sampling wavelengths pass. This partition also permits a portion of the fluid to pass though the aperture to ensure that the sample under investigation does not reach the window. The fluid may be a liquid or gas, and is preferably a solvent to maximize window cleaning.

Abstract: A multi-channel, reconfigurable fiber-coupled Raman instrument uses fiber optic switches for laser and calibration light routing to facilitate automated calibration, diagnosis and operational safety. The system allows wavelength axis calibration on all channels; laser wavelength calibration (including multiple and/or backup laser options); fiber coupling optimization; fault detection/diagnosis; and CCD camera binning setup. In the preferred embodiment, dedicated calibration channels surround data channels on a 2-dimensional CCD dispersed slit image implemented using a unique cabling architecture. This “over/under” calibration interpolation approach facilitates quasi-simultaneous or sequential calibration/data acquisitions. CCD binning between sequential calibration and data acquisitions enables higher density multi-channel operation with tilted images based upon a multiplexed grating configuration.

Abstract: A compact Raman/fluorescence probe is capable of collecting spectra from a relatively large spot size as compared to tradition confocal Raman probes. The inventive probe collects spectra from an area of 1 mmm or greater, preferably 3-12 mm or more, compared to current instruments which utilize spot sizes on the order of 2-60 microns. The larger spot size facilitates the collection of statistically useful data from inhomogeneous and laser-sensitive samples, among other applications. Potential pharmaceutical applications include tablet dosage level measurements, as well as online and at-line quality-control (QC) monitoring opportunities. Other applications include tablet identification as a forensic tool to identify counterfeit pharmaceutical products; granulation and blend uniformity for improved formulation via better process understanding, and reactor cleanliness validation.

Abstract: The invention provides systems, methods, and apparatus for dispensing liquids. According to one method, a plate is provided having a plurality of wells. At least one marker is also provided and is associated with at least some of the wells. The plate and marker are moved relative to a plurality of liquid dispensing elements, and the presence of the marker is sensed with a sensor that is disposed at a known location relative to the dispensing elements. The sensing of the marker indicates that at least some of the wells are aligned with the dispensing elements. As such, liquid is dispensed from the dispensing elements and into the aligned wells after sensing the presence of the marker.