Abstract: A transdermal drug delivery system having at least one patch (20) with an electrosmotic, electro porous membrane (26) comprised of an inert biochemical substance which becomes actively electro-osmotic when an electric charge is passed through the membrane enabling a drug solution passing through to a skin surface to create an electroporative effect. The patch may be powered by a battery, an external power source (82), or self-powered by an auto-bio-fuel cell which acts as a battery during drug solution saturation. Multiple patches may be configured as a linked patch unit for use with a flexible cuff apparatus (70) to provide circumferential treatment of a body part. A network of supply tubes (66) may be connected to an external reservoir (68) to provide a slow supply of medicated fluid to each patch. A titration regulator (72) is in communication with the transdermal patch to regulate permanent flow to the skin.

Abstract: A transdermal magnetic drug delivery system and method which can deliver, via a novel electrode design, multiple drugs in a controlled manner using a variety of methods including magnetophoreris, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, photophoresis and others. The combined use of these methods not only enhances transport but also allows for the optimum parameters for drug delivery to be realized. The drugs may be manipulated, tagged or doped with a magnetic carrire to increase their susceptibility to magnetophoresis and to provide a method for tracking their absorption in conjunction with biosensing.

Abstract: A multi-functional, modular PEMF biophysical stimulation field generator device and healing system using small coils and a PEMF technique to create a high magnetic flux penetration into hard and soft tissues for treatment of a variety of conditions, including fractures and osteoporosis, to achieve an anticipated shorter healing and rehabilitation time. The orthogonally-arranged coils are sequentially-activated to develop a rotating cylindrical energy field focussed on a target area so as to stimulate bone growth. An activation signal having a combined waveform is used to activate the coils, comprising a high frequency carrier wave, which is amplitude-modulated, by a low frequency treatment wave for optimal penetration of biological tissue. In a preferred embodiment, a pre-form wrap is provided as a cast, brace or splint, containing small magnetizing coils, with the wrap being placed circumferentially around the body part containing the treatment site.

Abstract: A treatment and stimulation device provided as a compact, portable unit having an applicator capable of horizontal and vertical movements for manipulation of the skin and underlying tissue under electronic circuit control. In a preferred embodiment, the applicator is provided with reversible rotation directed against the skin to provide horizontal movement having uneven angles of deflection, and vertical up/down movement is supplied by a solenoid. By virtue of the electronic control, these movements are continuously variable, and can be integrated and finely controlled, to produce any desired physical stimulation effect on the skin and tissue, for medical or cosmetic purposes. The different kinds of receptors in the skin and tissue can be selectively activated, since they are frequency dependent and direction-force dependent.

Abstract: An electrical neuro-stimulator which operates using pulse generators for providing a master frequency, a carrier frequency, a first modulation frequency and a second modulation frequency. The pulse width and pulse rate are adjustable, and a pair of multivibrators produces a pulse train output with an adjustable number of impulses by adjustment of the carrier frequency, which also increases the average applied power and the penetration factor. The master and carrier oscillators of the pulse generator operate asynchronously, and a digital mixer is provided for combination of these frequencies with a slightly random appearance, thus avoiding accommodation or adaptation while maintaining a constant energy at any frequency. The first modulation frequency provides a triangular form of amplitude modulation of the pulse train waveform envelope. A 180 degree shift in this waveform is provided by a time lag introduced on the second channel, such that accommodation of the nerves is avoided.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are described for controlling pain by transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES), the apparatus comprising a pulse generator for generating periodic electrical pulses, skin electrodes coupled to the pulse generator and adapted to be placed in contact with the skin of the patient for applying the pulses thereto, and a pulse-width modulator for modulating the width of the pulses applied by the electrodes to the patient's skin. The skin electrodes include a survey electrode having a handle for moving it over the surface of the skin to locate the relevant nerve. The pulses applied are unsymmetrical, nearly square-shape, bipolar current pulses width-modulated 25-50% per period of 0.1 to 1.0 seconds.