Abstract: Disclosed is a method for operating a condenser of the type having a housing inside of which is disposed a bundle of water tubes, a steam inlet for steam to flow inside the housing for contacting the tube bundle for cooling, and having a stagnant air zone during operation wherein any air in-leakage preferentially collects and condensate in the air zone becomes subcooled. A trough or drain is placed beneath the stagnant air zone for collecting subcooled condensate from the stagnant air zone. Collected subcooled condensate is transported from the trough or drain in a pipe to said steam inlet. The transported condensate is injected with an injector for contacting with steam entering the condenser, whereby the injected condensate is heated by the steam for expelling dissolved oxygen in the injected condensate. Advantageously, the condenser is fitted with an array of temperature sensors at the stagnant air zone for determination of its presence and/or size.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for operating a condenser of the type having a housing inside of which is disposed a bundle of water tubes, a steam inlet for steam to flow inside the housing for contacting the tube bundle for cooling, and having a stagnant air zone during operation wherein any air in-leakage preferentially collects and condensate in the air zone becomes subcooled. A trough or drain is placed beneath the stagnant air zone for collecting subcooled condensate from the stagnant air zone. Collected subcooled condensate is transported from the trough or drain in a pipe to said steam inlet. The transported condensate is injected with an injector for contacting with steam entering the condenser, whereby the injected condensate is heated by the steam for expelling dissolved oxygen in the injected condensate. Advantageously, the condenser is fitted with an array of temperature sensors at the stagnant air zone for determination of its presence and/or size.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for operating a condenser of the type having a housing inside of which is disposed a bundle of water tubes, a steam inlet for steam to flow inside the housing for contacting the tube bundle for cooling, and having a stagnant air zone during operation wherein any air in-leakage preferentially collects and condensate in the air zone becomes subcooled. A trough is placed beneath the stagnant air zone for collecting subcooled condensate from the stagnant air zone. Collected subcooled condensate is transported in the trough in a pipe to said steam inlet. The transported condensate is injected with an injector for contacting with steam entering the condenser, whereby the injected condensate is heated by the steam for expelling dissolved oxygen in the injected condensate. Advantageously, the condenser is fitted with an array of temperature sensors at the stagnant air zone for determination of its presence and/or size.

Abstract: A flow meter capable of performing within gas flows exhibiting temperatures above about 600.degree. F. includes a thermally-stable housing formed of fire brick or the like through which a passageway is formed. A resistance temperature sensor (RTD), serving as a reference is positioned at the entrance region of the passageway, while a heater coil and RTD temperature sensor are located toward the exit opening of the passage. The latter components are located within a heat confining region of the passageway which is so configured with respect to its length and diametric extent as to define a heat confining chamber which substantially reduces radiant heat loss, conductive heat loss, and convective heat loss not occasioned by gas flow to achieve heretofore unavailable performance.

Abstract: An all solid state transducer and electronic system is disclosed for measuring flow through the use of a small, low temperature heater. The heater transmits an amount of heat to the flowing medium dependent on flow rate. A first temperature sensor is located near the heater and within its thermal influence. A second temperature sensor is thermally isolated from the heater. The heater and first sensor are located relative to each other such that the difference between the temperature sensors is proportional to the logarithm of the flow rate.