Abstract: A non-intrusive liquid flow detection apparatus for detecting liquid flow in a select pipe, the flow generating a sound wave of known frequency and wavelength. The apparatus includes a pair of transducers spaced along the select pipe approximately one-half wavelength apart. In-phase transducer signals are generated for liquid flow through the select pipe, while out of phase transducer signals are generated for flow from remote pipes. Respective band-pass amplifiers receive and amplify the transducer signals passing the portion within a narrow-band corresponding to the known frequency of the flow sound waves. The amplified signals are summed to cancel out of phase signal components attributable to flow through remote pipes. Thus, high amplitude signals are generated only by fluid flow through the select pipe. The real time summed signal is compared to a time-averaged background noise signal to avoid inadvertent triggering from non-fluid flow sounds of similar sound print.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control apparatus for treating the exhaust of an internal combustion engine by a combined electrostatic force and cyclone centrifugal force acting together to remove solid particulates. Electrostatically generated ozone reacts with the exhaust gases to reduce them to Co and to oxidize them to harmless gases. Exhaust enters a cyclone chamber, passing through an electrode having many small pointed openings. Air is injected into the cyclone chamber to create a centrifugal flow of the air and exhaust. The electrode charges the solid particulate in the exhaust which then move toward the outer boundary of the cyclone chamber and toward a solid particulate collector. Ozone is generated near the electrode for reacting with the exhaust gases. The air and exhaust gases in the cyclone chamber are ionized in the cyclone chamber and react as the exhaust flows through the cyclone chamber and the muffler chamber to deodorize and purify the exhaust.

Abstract: A gas processing apparatus for causing physical and chemical changes in a gaseous material. The apparatus can be used for removing particulate materials from gases, selectively sorbing portions of gases, causing gases to chemically react with each other, and for removing odors and killing bacteria. By this apparatus high electrostatic and intensive sonic forces are simultaneously imparted to gaseous materials while the flow of such gases is controlled, i.e. by baffling. The sonic forces, moreover, are preferably imparted by a novel, flexible vibratable series of conductive ribbons connected to alternate current voltage source. For odor removal and germicide action negative ions and ultraviolet rays can also be employed.