Abstract: A variable area turbine nozzle includes a plurality of circumferentially adjoining nozzle segments. Each nozzle segment includes outer and inner bands, with a plurality of first vane segments fixedly joined therebetween. A plurality of second vane segments adjoin respective ones of the first vane segments to define therewith corresponding vanes which are spaced apart to define respective throats of minimum flow area for channeling therethrough combustion gas. The second vane segments are pivotable to selectively vary the throat area.

Abstract: A heat transfer surface for use along a flowpath along the surface is scaled with rows of turbulators having ramp surfaces protruding into the flowpath operable to generate turbulence promoting vortices. The ramp surfaces may be oriented to present an upward or downhill ramp to the direction of the flowpath along the surface. The present invention is further characterized by triangular side surfaces which precipitous drop off from a top ramp surface to the base of the turbulator along the heat transfer surface. The preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a three sided pyramid shaped turbulator with a ramp downhill surface wherein the sharp edge at the intersection of the two precipitous side surfaces is a leading edge into the flowpath on the heat transfer surface. Alternate embodiments include turbulators with triangular and rectangular uphill ramp surfaces.