Abstract: The invention relates to a method for quantification of amplified nucleic acids comprising the steps of: calculation of a measure of randomness M of the cycle-to-cycle amplification efficiency Ê(C) for target and comparative nucleic acids,—identification of the cycle numbers CM where M is minimal for target and comparative nucleic acids, calculation of the characteristic cycle numbers Cc from the values of CM-.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for quantification of amplified nucleic acids comprising the steps of: calculation of a measure of randomness M of the cycle-to-cycle amplification efficiency Ê(C) for target and comparative nucleic acids, —identification of the cycle numbers CM where M is minimal for target and comparative nucleic acids, calculation of the characteristic cycle numbers Cc from the values of CM—.

Abstract: When duplicating the record carrier the angle between the sync words S1 S2 can be preserved at the cost of a change in bit length, or the bit length can be preserved at the expense of changes in the angle between the sync words S1 S2. Consequently a playback device that checks for both changes in the angle between the sync words S1 S2, or between other marks, and for changes in bit length can detect an illegally duplicated record carrier with a high certainty.

Abstract: The present provides a magnetic sensor device comprising at least one magnetic sensor element with N parallel magnetic sensor strips, N being at least 2, and wherein a constant voltage is applied across the N parallel magnetic sensor strips. The sensor device may advantageous be applied in applications where a large sensor surface with high uniform sensitivity is required.

Abstract: Record carrier identification information is stored using an asymmetry modulation. This prevents the access to this information through the regular data path of the playback device. The asymmetry information is automatically removed by the playback device because of the inherent data slicing and decoding that takes place in the play back device. A parameter of the asymmetry modulation is used to verify that the record carrier is authentic and not a duplicated record carrier. The parameter is disturbed by duplication processes and thus provides a reliable difficult to circumvent indication of authenticity of the record carrier.

Abstract: A coder is fed with pre-coded data such that the absolute value of the RDS of the code words as produced by the coder is limited. This is achieved by ensuring that in a group of 2 code words the RDS of the first code word is compensated by the RDS of the second conde word. The RDS at the end of the second code word is then zero and the excursions of the RDS from the start of the first code word until the end of the second code word are limited because there are only a limited number of bits that can contribute to an increase of the absolute value of the RDS. This principle can easily be applied to the 17PP coder.

Abstract: An apparatus generates outgoing data (OD) to be provided on an optical disk (1) in a burst cutting area (2). The burst cutting area (2) further comprises markings (3) which cause a marking frequency spectrum (MFS) when reading out the burst cutting area (2). The apparatus comprises a channel coder (4) which receives processed data (PD) and supplies the outgoing data (OD) having an outgoing data frequency spectrum (DFS) with suppressed DC-content. The apparatus further comprises a data processing device (5) which generates the processed data (PD) to obtain an outgoing frequency spectrum (DFS) wherein a frequency component causing interference with a low frequent component of the markings (3) is suppressed or not present.

Abstract: Record carrier identification information is stored using an asymmetry modulation (FIGS. 1,2,3). This prevents the access to this information throught the regular data path (65) of the playback device (60). The asymmetry information is automatically removed by the playback device because of the inherent data slicing FIG. 4) and decoding that takes place in the play back device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an information carrier comprising at least one information layer which optical properties depend on a potential difference applied between two electrodes (531,532). The information carrier is intended to be scanned by an optical scanning device comprising means for generating a signal comprising information about a selected information layer. The information carrier comprises means (51) for receiving this signal, means (521) for decoding this signal and means (522-524) for applying a potential difference between the electrodes corresponding to the selected information layer.

Abstract: The invention proposes applications for storage units that comprise a main data carrier and a chip associated with said main data carrier, the proposed applications being directed to a use of such storage units with portable radio-communication devices. The proposed applications are: a) transmitting to the portable radio-communication device data descriptive of the storage unit; b) transmitting a warning to the portable radio-communication device in response to a storage unit wanted notice; c) storing specific data sent by the portable radio-communication device, d) on request, returning said specific data. The invention also proposes a portable radio-communication device specifically designed for implementing such applications. Advantageously, the radio-communication means of the portable device are used to generate a signal for powering the contactless chip.

Abstract: The invention relates to a record carrier intended to store data. According to the invention, data are intended to be stored in accordance with a standard for creating physical data clusters separated by protective linking areas, said protective linking areas being of different size from linking areas of a writable record carrier intended to store said physical data clusters locked to a pre-recorded wobbled groove in which linking areas are used. The invention serves to prevent bit-by-bit copying of said record carrier onto said writable record carrier. The invention can also serve to control the compatibility of different standards of writable record carrier. Application: Optical storage.

Abstract: The invention relates to an information carrier (101) intended to be put into a rotary motion, said information carrier (101) comprising: display means (102) designed to display image data, said display means (102) being spatially located by a spatial position, processing means (103) for periodically sending to said display means (102) image data having the same spatial position as said display means (102).

Abstract: When a recording medium is recorded using a method for control of the crosstalk between tracks using control points any change in track pitch will directly result in other optimum values for those control points. If the recording medium is copied by a bit copier the control point values are also copied without modification but because of a shift of the data in adjacent tracks relative to each other the control point values are no longer the optimum values. This can be used to distinguish between an original and a copied recording medium.

Abstract: A device (1) and method for measuring and or detecting the presence of biomolecules. The device comprises a resonance circuit arranged to operate and emit a resonance frequency (f). The resonance circuit comprises or is coupled to a sensor element (5) for detecting the binding of biomolecules (6a) to binding sites (5a). The binding of the biomolecules changes a physical property (R, L, C. mass) of the sensor element (5), which in it's turn, either directly when the sensor element forms part of the resonance circuit, or via a coupling of the sensor element to the resonance circuit, the resonance frequency. The change in the resonance frequency is detected. The device comprises a remote power transmission element, such as a photodiode or coil, for providing power to the resonance circuit using light or RF radiation respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus has communication means for obtaining an electromagnetical coupling with a first antenna (22) on an information carrier (1), a support member (61) and a clamping member (62) for clamping the information carrier in axial direction, a bridge (63) for supporting the clamping member, and a second antenna (66) which is coupled with the clamping member. In axial direction oppositely to the second antenna the bridge is at least partially free of metal. In order to prevent eddy currents.

Abstract: The invention relates to an information carrier (101) intended to be put into a rotary motion, said information carrier (101) comprising: -display means (102) for displaying image data, -motion -compensation means (103) applied to said image data for motion-compensating said rotary motion. Use: Optical disc/Optical disc player.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) is attached to a disc for writing/reading information. The disc may be used, for example, in an apparatus such as a CD-player. The IC comprises: a light sensor (SNS), a further light sensor (SNSF), detection means (DT) (which are optional), microprocessor (uP), non-volatile memory means (MM) such as an EEPROM, an RF-oscillator (RFosc), voltage conversion means (CNV), and a standby circuit (SB). The first light sensor (SNS) comprises several photodiodes and has the purpose of supplying the microprocessor (uP) and the EEPROM with supply voltages VuP and VMM, respectively. The further light sensor (SNSF) preferably has only one photodiode (for speed reasons) and has the purpose of delivering access information (IA) to the microprocessor (uP). The voltage conversion means (CNV) comprises, for example, a cascade of charge pumps. A conventional charge pump does not function properly if the input voltage (Ui) is only periodically present during relatively short time periods.

Abstract: An information carrier on which a clamping area (12) and an information area (13) are defined, has an integrated circuit and an antenna (22) which is coupled to the integrated circuit. The antenna is positioned in the region between the information area and the clamping area. The disc also has a metal layer and a polycarbonate layer in which the information is stored. To improve the communication between the integrated circuit on the disc and the apparatus, the information carrier has no metal layer in the region of the antenna, i.e. the region between the information area and the clamping area. In this way, there is no possibility or eddy currents to occur.

Abstract: A coder is fed with precoded data such that the absolute value of the RDS of the code words as produced by the coder is limited. This is achieved by ensuring that in a group of 2 code words the RDS of the first code word is compensated by the RDS of the second conde word. The RDS at the end of the second code word is then zero and the excursions of the RDS from the start of the first code word until the end of the second code word are limited because there are only a limited number of bits that can contribute to an increase of the absolute value of the RDS. This principle can easily be applied to the 17PP coder.

Abstract: A record carrier according to the invention has a first area 3 for storing information and a second area 4 having an integrated circuit 4?. This integrated cixcuit has transmitting means for transmitting additional information and means for receiving a signal for power supply of the integrated circuit. The receiving means has a photodiode. The integrated circuit further has frequency control means for controlling the frequency transmitted by the transmitting means. The invention also relates to a device for reading a record carrier and an integrated circuit.