Abstract: To improve the performance of a servo system, used for tracking a track on a record carrier, the bandwidth of the servo system must be adjusted. Instead of injecting a signal into the servo system to allow adjustment of the bandwidth, the track position modulation of the record carrier is used. The track position modulation comprises two signals of which the signal with the lower frequency has a higher amplitude than the signal with the higher frequency. After the reduction by the servo system the second signal is used as a reference and optimal adjustment of the bandwidth can be achieved.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and a device (10) for distinguishing a specific binding from a less specific binding between at least one magnetic nanoparticle (11) and a surface of another entity by applying a magnetic field and detecting a physical parameter relating to magnetic nanoparticle rotational or motional freedom while the magnetic nanoparticle (11) is attached to the surface. The method and device (10) may be applied to in-vivo and in-vitro biomolecular diagnostics. The sensor (10) according to the present invention combines in one sensor (10) the detection of magnetic particles or labels (11) and determination of the binding quality and the properties of magnetic particles or labels (11) which are bound to the surface of another entity.

Abstract: [Problem] How to record and play back data at a high line density. [Means for Solving the Problem] A DSV control bit determining/inserting unit 11 inserts DSV control bits for execution of DSV control into an input data string and outputs the data string including the DSV control bits to a modulation unit 12. The modulation unit 12 converts the data string with a basic data length of 2 bits into variable length code with a basic code length of 3 bits in accordance with a conversion table and outputs the code resulting from the conversion to a NRZI encoding unit 13. The conversion table used by the modulation unit 12 includes substitution codes for limiting the number of consecutive appearances of a minimum run to a predetermined value and substitution codes for keeping a run length limit.

Abstract: How to record and play back data at a high line density. A DSV control bit determining/inserting unit 11 inserts DSV control bits for execution of DSV control into an input data string and outputs the data string including the DSV control bits to a modulation unit 12. The modulation unit 12 converts the data string with a basic data length of 2 bits into variable length code with a basic code length of 3 bits in accordance with a conversion table and outputs the code resulting from the conversion to a NRZI encoding unit 13. The conversion table used by the modulation unit 12 includes substitution codes for limiting the number of consecutive appearances of a minimum run to a predetermined value and substitution codes for keeping a run length limit.

Abstract: In order to reduce the cross talk between data recorded in adjacent tracks on a record carrier the encoding of the data stream into code words is controlled using control points. The code words in a first track are altered by selecting that value of the control point that results in code words that differ in as many bit positions as possible from the corresponding bit positions in a second track, where the first track and second track are both adjacent to the same third track. Having opposite bit values in corresponding bit positions on the first and second track results in the lowest contribution of these bit positions to the code words stored in the third track.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for reading an information carrier (1) which has an integrated circuit (21) and an antenna (22) coupled to the integrated circuit. The apparatus has communication means to establish communication between the integrated circuit on the disc and the apparatus. The communication means has two antennas (66,67): one which can communicate with the integrated circuit on the disc when the disc is loaded in the apparatus and one which provides communication between the apparatus and the integrated circuit on the information carrier when the disc is in the vicinity of the apparatus.