Abstract: The invention provides a system and method for obtaining ophthalmic measurements whereby the inventive device is configured to be head mountable, automatically axially length aligned with a selected target, and laterally aligned so that light from an OCT source enters through the pupil of the eye under test. The frame of the head mountable OCT is customizable, capable of analyzing both the left and right eye of a subject. The inventive device can be operated by the person undergoing test. Embodiments include mechanisms for eye fixation, lateral, angular and depth scanning of target regions. A variety of embodiments are taught, including the scanning of both eyes of a subject at substantially the same time, and a configuration of a photonic module coupleable with a plurality of frames. Embodiments include a variety of OCT sources, such as MRO, swept source, time domain, and spectral domain.

Abstract: The invention teaches a method, apparatus and system for enhancing measurement and imaging using optical coherence tomography (OCT) by using a pressure wave, such as ultrasound, in conjunction with OCT to make measurements and generate images of a target. The pressure signal modulates the refractive index of the target at high speed, thereby disrupting the generation of a constant speckle noise pattern and thereby reducing speckle noise. The pressure signal can also be switched between at least two states at high speed which enables acquiring a high speed differential signal related weak scattering sites thereby enabling enhanced measurement and imaging of targets such as tissue. In the particular case of measurement of the concentration of glucose in tissue, differential signals enhance the accuracy with which the glucose concentration can be measured.

Abstract: An optical disc has spatial features (notches, bumps, etc.) that intentionally distort the analog Read Data signal. For a mark or space that is centered on a spatial feature, the distortion does not affect the resulting binary Read Data signal. If an edge of a mark or space is near the spatial feature, the resulting binary Read Data signal is altered. For calibration, marks or spaces are written adjacent to spatial features, with a range of times for initiating the writes. The result is a range of write times that do not alter the binary Read Data signal. From these known times and spatial locations, it is known when a mark or space must be written to ensure accurate spatial placement.

Abstract: A non-invasive imaging and analysis system suitable for measuring attributes of a target, such as the blood glucose concentration of tissue, includes an optical processing system which provides a probe and reference beam. It also includes a means that applies the probe beam to the target to be analyzed, combines the probe and reference beams interferometrically and detects concurrent interferometric signals. The invention includes fitting multiple sets of concurrently acquired data to a profile template and calculating a variance between the profile template and the acquired data sets. It further includes refining the profile template to minimize the variance between at least some of the concurrently acquired data sets to generate a refined profile, correlating the refined profile with data from a data bank stored in memory and processing resulting correlation data to determine an attribute of the target.

Abstract: A non-invasive imaging and analysis system suitable for measuring attributes of a target, such as the blood glucose concentration of tissue, includes an optical processing system which provides a probe and reference beam. It also includes a means that applies the probe beam to the target to be analyzed, combines the probe and reference beams interferometrically, detects concurrent interferometric signals and correlates the detected signals with previously stored electronic data to determine the attribute of the target.

Abstract: A non-invasive imaging and analysis system suitable for measuring concentrations of specific components, such as blood glucose concentration and suitable for non-invasive analysis of defects or malignant aspects of targets such as cancer in skin or human tissue, includes an optical processing system which generates a probe and composite reference beam. The system also includes a means that applies the probe beam to the target to be analyzed and modulates at least some of the components of the composite reference beam such that signals with different frequency content are generated. The system combines a scattered portion of the probe beam and the composite beam interferometrically to simultaneously acquire information from multiple depths within a target. It further includes electronic control and processing systems.

Abstract: An optical coherence tomography based, non-invasive imaging and analysis system, includes an optical source and a compact rigid optical signal processing system which provides a probe and a reference beam. It also includes a means that applies the probe beam to the target to be analyzed, recombines the beams interferometrically and translates a rigid optical signal processing system. It further includes electronic control and processing systems.

Abstract: A non-invasive imaging and analysis system suitable for measuring concentrations of specific components, such as blood glucose concentration and suitable for non-invasive analysis of defects or malignant aspects of targets such as cancer in skin or human tissue, includes an optical processing system which generates a probe and composite reference beam. The system also includes a means that applies the probe beam to the target to be analyzed and modulates at least some of the components of the composite reference beam by means of a micro-mirror array, such that signals corresponding to different depths within the target can be separated by electronic processing. The system combines a scattered portion of the probe beam and the composite beam interferometrically to concurrently acquire information from multiple depths within a target. It further includes electronic control and processing systems.

Abstract: A bit-accurate optical drive determines an address of a data block stored on a disc (the address being determined from a wobble that is embossed in the disc), and synthesizes header information for the block. When the block is read from the disc, recovered (actual) header information is compared to the synthesized header information to determine a phase difference, if any. Recovered user data is phase-shifted by the phase difference.

Abstract: In use of an optical disk such as a Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) it is sometimes desirable to detect if a track jump occurs as quickly as possible after the occurrence. The optical disk format includes a pre-groove track structure which provides the frame work upon which data can be written to and read from the disk. The structure of the pre-groove track is utilized to detect the possible occurrence of an inadvertent track jump as soon as possible and in a time shorter than would be required to detect the track jump using only disk addressing data. The pre-groove track structure may be modified to enhance track jump detection, such as by positional codes in data line Segments of the track, or revolving coding schemes for the addressing data dibits.

Abstract: The invention teaches a coherent optical system using a set of wavelengths at the transmitter and receiver ends. In both homodyne and heterodyne coherent detection, the invention provides for the transmission of an additional modulated reference wavelength. The invention provides for matching a set of wavelengths at the detection and transmission ends of the optical system.

Abstract: A system that provides increased storage capacity on optical discs includes addressing digital sum variance issues, inter-symbol interference and enhancing detection schemes by means of variable geometry pits to enable higher storage capacity. It further includes enabling copy protection measures to inhibit unauthorized copying of discs.

Abstract: An array of multiple laser diodes, each lasing at different wavelengths, the outputs of which laser diodes are combined in an integrated manner, such that all the generated wavelengths are output to a fiber using a single fiber interconnect. The laser diodes are independently modulated by modulating the electrical current of each laser diode. The outputs of the laser diodes are combined by means of waveguides, which may be on the same substrate. The combined multiple wavelength output may be isolated from disruptive optical feedback by means of a single optical isolator.

Abstract: A spectral analysis system includes a signal processing system which provides a probe and a reference beam. The probe beam is applied to the target to be analyzed. The relative phase relationship of the two beams is varied. A scattered or transmitted portion of the probe beam is combined with the reference beam and a resulting interferometric signal is detected. An electronic processing and control system separates the spectral information in the electronic domain, processes the information and controls the system.

Abstract: A high resolution sub-surface imaging and analysis system includes at least one repetitive, broad spectral width, optical signal generator. It further includes an optical processing system which provides a probe and a reference beam, applies the probe beam to the target to be analyzed, recombines the beams interferometrically and varies the coherence phase relationship of the two beams. It further includes electronic control and processing systems.

Abstract: A system that inhibits unauthorized copying of digital information includes generating a sequence of symbols that has problematic recording or transmission properties and combining the generated sequence of symbols with other symbols. It further includes encoding the combined sequence of symbols into a channel bit sequence by means of a standard encoder, monitoring the digital sum variance of the channel bit sequence, rendering and transmitting a non-problematic channel bit sequence.

Abstract: An optical disk and compatible optical disk drive enabling erasable (rewritable) optical disks to have the same format and capacity as read-only or (recordable) write-once optical disks. A reference clock track and optional additional prerecorded phase synchronization patters are provided to enable writing of any random sector with frequency and phase matching of a random sector to the preceding and following sectors. The reference clock track and other phase synchronization patterns eliminate the need for preambles and extra space for speed variation. In a first embodiment, a disk has multiple layers, with at least one rewritable data layer and at least one reference layer. A spiral track on a surface of the reference layer has prerecorded patterns to be used for clocking. In a variation of first embodiment, the reference layer is also used for radial tracking control, eliminated the need for predefined tracks in the rewritable data layers.

Abstract: An optical disc has spatial features (notches, bumps, etc.) that intentionally distort the analog Read Data signal. For a mark or space that is centered on a spatial feature, the distortion does not affect the resulting binary Read Data signal. If an edge of a mark or space is near the spatial feature, the resulting binary Read Data signal is altered. For calibration, marks or spaces are written adjacent to spatial features, with a range of times for initiating the writes. The result is a range of write times that do not alter the binary Read Data signal. From these known times and spatial locations, it is known when a mark or space must be written to ensure accurate spatial placement.

Abstract: An optical disc has spatial features (notches, bumps, etc.) that intentionally distort the analog Read Data signal. For a mark or space that is centered on a spatial feature, the distortion does not affect the resulting binary Read Data signal. If an edge of a mark or space is near the spatial feature, the resulting binary Read Data signal is altered. For calibration, marks or spaces are written adjacent to spatial features, with a range of times for initiating the writes. The result is a range of write times that do not alter the binary Read Data signal. From these known times and spatial locations, it is known when a mark or space must be written to ensure accurate spatial placement.

Abstract: An optical disc has spatial features (notches, bumps, etc.) that intentionally cause read errors if arbitrary data is recorded on the disc in an area where the special features are located. The spatial features are located such that they occur in the center of longer marks or spaces of pre-determined data patterns. This allows pre-determined data patterns to be written and read without a significant number of errors, while arbitrary data patterns will be subject to a significant number of errors, rendering the arbitrary data unreadable. Control Data ECC blocks are partially pre-determined at least in the areas containing decryption keys, while still permitting some arbitrary data to be written in other areas of the Control Data ECC blocks. Therefore, compatibility with existing drives is preserved, without representing a threat of unauthorized copying of stamped discs.