Abstract: The invention provides a hybrid OCT scanning device which improves OCT scanning of targets, including adaption for a ophthalmic targets (i.e. cornea, retina and fovea areas). The invention provides a movable beam modifying element which is adapted to be interposed in the probe radiation directed to the target, and the interposition of the movable element is synchronous with the periodicity of the OCT scan beam. The beam modifying element may include any of angular deflection regions, optical delay regions, or combinations of deflection and delay regions. Such regions of deflection and/or delay translate into a governable scan range, both lateral and depth, of a target region.

Abstract: A non-invasive imaging and analysis method and system/apparatus suitable for non-invasive imaging and analysis of a target is disclosed. Targets include biological tissue structures or components; optical structures or components; electronic structures or components; or structures in general. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides a precision optical measuring module that modifies the spatial separation of multiple reference interference signals by adjusting the separation between a partial reflective element and a full mirror mounted on a piezo device and determining the distance between surfaces or structures within the target by simultaneously monitoring the magnitude of the separation between the partial reflective element and the full mirror and processing generated interference signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to statistical methods for fitting a mathematical model of the interaction of signals, such as optical signals, with tissue to detected signals or data related to the interaction. In particular it relates to statistical methods for fitting a mathematical model of the interaction of optical signals with tissue to actual signals, such as interferometric signals related to data optical scattering in tissue and their relationship to glucose concentration. It also relates to statistical methods for fitting a mathematical model of the interaction of optical signals with tissue to data such as the spectral distribution values of optical signals absorbed or scattered by tissue and their relationship to glucose concentration. The invention provides a practical non-invasive glucose measurement method and system. The invention also provides a measurement method and system that performs well in low signal-to-noise environments.

Abstract: The invention provides high speed, low cost scanning suitable for time domain OCT systems. According to the preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a piezo scanning device and partial reflecting surfaces that simultaneously generate two sets of multiple reference signals at two different wavelengths that can span different regions of a target enabling acquiring target information from a large range within the target. In one embodiment of the invention, information from both the front region and the back region of an eye is acquired in a coordinated manner.

Abstract: The invention provides an enhanced method and system for non-invasive analysis of a target. The enhancement includes increased analytic power derived from creating a complete representation of a target using less than complete information. The invention provides a non-invasive analysis system and method that includes generating and exploiting a system model that includes a target model that accurately represents the interaction of radiant energy with a target. In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, a digital signal processor compares signals acquired from an actual non-invasive system with theoretical signals generated using the system model, identifies the target model that matches most closely, and outputs target characteristics, including target attribute of interest.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for consistent and repeated assessment and monitoring of performance of activities yielding information for predicting probabilities of specific illnesses or degenerative diseases occurring or for the recognition of aptitudes, skills and interests that can lead to improved quality of life and economic well-being by making better informed life choices. The invention includes using a web-site, Internet portal, or consumer device to provide custom activities for a user. At least some of the activities have measurable and quantifiable aspects, which provide a mechanism for analyzing the performance of activities and comparing such measurable and quantifiable aspects with statistical information derived from similar measurements on a large number of a peer group, or measurement previously acquired for the same individual to provide guidance to an individual.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for non-invasive imagining and analysis involves generating probe radiation and reference radiation that have orthogonal polarization characteristics and controlling the polarization characteristics such that substantially all the back scattered probe radiation co-propagates with controlled amounts of components of the reference radiation, thereby improving signal to noise ratios and hence performance of imaging and analysis systems. A preferred embodiment of the invention includes a rotational sensitive mirror that systematically rotates the polarization vector of higher order components of the reference radiation.

Abstract: The invention teaches a method, apparatus and system for measuring bio-medical attributes of the eye, such as internal or intraocular pressure. The invention enables taking measurements of the relative location of various surfaces of components of the eye under different conditions. The invention provides for applying a pressure disturbance to the eye acoustically and, using non-invasive optical techniques to perform measurements of vibrations or measurements of the time varying relative location of one or more surfaces or structures in a manner correlated with the pressure disturbance.

Abstract: The invention provides high speed, low cost scanning suitable for time domain OCT systems. According to the preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a piezo scanning device and partial reflecting surfaces that simultaneously generate two sets of multiple reference signals at two different wavelengths that can span different regions of a target enabling acquiring target information from a large range within the target. In one embodiment of the invention, information from both the front region and the back region of an eye is acquired in a coordinated manner.

Abstract: The invention provides a hybrid OCT scanning device which improves OCT scanning of targets, including adaption for a ophthalmic targets (i.e. cornea, retina and fovea areas). The invention provides a movable beam modifying element which is adapted to be interposed in the probe radiation directed to the target, and the interposition of the movable element is synchronous with the periodicity of the OCT scan beam. The beam modifying element may include any of angular deflection regions, optical delay regions, or combinations of deflection and delay regions. Such regions of deflection and/or delay translate into a governable scan range, both lateral and depth, of a target region.

Abstract: A non-invasive imaging and analysis system suitable for measuring attributes of a target, such as the blood glucose concentration of tissue, includes an optical processing system which provides a probe and reference beam. It also includes a means that applies the probe beam to the target to be analyzed, combines the probe and reference beams interferometrically and detects concurrent interferometric signals. The invention includes fitting multiple sets of concurrently acquired data to a profile template and calculating a variance between the profile template and the acquired data sets. It further includes refining the profile template to minimize the variance between at least some of the concurrently acquired data sets to generate a refined profile, correlating the refined profile with data from a data bank stored in memory and processing resulting correlation data to determine an attribute of the target.

Abstract: A compact OCT-like scanning device reduces radiation back-propagating to the radiation source by means of a polarized optical element that is reflective for linearly polarized light or radiation at one orientation and which is transmissive for radiation orthogonal to the reflected linearly polarized light or radiation. The device is also compatible with viewing the surface of the target being scanned either directly by visual means or by means of a camera.

Abstract: A non-invasive imaging and analysis method and system/apparatus suitable for non-invasive imaging and analysis of a target is disclosed. Targets include biological tissue structures or components; optical structures or components; electronic structures or components; or structures in general. A preferred embodiment of the invention provides a precision optical measuring module that modifies the spatial separation of multiple reference interference signals by adjusting the separation between a partial reflective element and a full mirror mounted on a piezo device and determining the distance between surfaces or structures within the target by simultaneously monitoring the magnitude of the separation between the partial reflective element and the full mirror and processing generated interference signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to statistical methods for fitting a mathematical model of the interaction of signals, such as optical signals, with tissue to detected signals or data related to the interaction. In particular it relates to statistical methods for fitting a mathematical model of the interaction of optical signals with tissue to actual signals, such as interferometric signals related to data optical scattering in tissue and their relationship to glucose concentration. It also relates to statistical methods for fitting a mathematical model of the interaction of optical signals with tissue to data such as the spectral distribution values of optical signals absorbed or scattered by tissue and their relationship to glucose concentration. The invention provides a practical non-invasive glucose measurement method and system. The invention also provides a measurement method and system that performs well in low signal-to-noise environments.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for optimizing the magnitude of reference levels in non-invasive imaging and analysis is disclosed. Optimizing the magnitude of reference levels enables improving signal to noise ratios and thereby improving the sensitivity and performance of the imaging and analysis system. The invention includes dynamically modifying the magnitude of one or more reference beams and significantly reducing the magnitude of undesirable reference radiation components. It may further include one or more stabilizing feedback systems.

Abstract: A rotational sensitive mirror includes a low profile structure that has asymmetric reflective elements such that normally incidence polarized light is reflected with high reflectivity at least one rotational angle and that normally incidence polarized light is reflected with lower reflectivity at least one different rotational angle, thereby rotating the plane of polarization of normally incident polarized light.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for optimizing the magnitude of reference levels in non-invasive imaging and analysis is disclosed. Optimizing the magnitude of reference levels enables improving signal to noise ratios and thereby improving the sensitivity and performance of the imaging and analysis system. The invention includes dynamically modifying the magnitude of one or more reference beams and significantly reducing the magnitude of undesirable reference radiation components. It may further include one or more stabilizing feedback systems.

Abstract: A non-invasive imaging and analysis system suitable for measuring concentrations of specific components, such as blood glucose concentration and suitable for non-invasive analysis of defects or malignant aspects of targets such as cancer in skin or human tissue, includes an optical processing system which generates a probe and composite reference beam. The system also includes a means that applies the probe beam to the target to be analyzed and modulates at least some of the components of the composite reference beam such that signals with different frequency content are generated. The system combines a scattered portion of the probe beam and the composite beam interferometrically to simultaneously acquire information from multiple depths within a target. It further includes electronic control and processing systems.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for optimizing the magnitude of reference levels in non-invasive imaging and analysis is disclosed. Optimizing the magnitude of reference levels enables improving signal to noise ratios and thereby improving the sensitivity and performance of the imaging and analysis system. The invention includes dynamically modifying the magnitude of one or more reference beams and significantly reducing the magnitude of undesirable reference radiation components. It may further include one or more stabilizing feedback systems.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for non-invasive imagining and analysis involves generating probe radiation and reference radiation that have orthogonal polarization characteristics and controlling the polarization characteristics such that substantially all the back scattered probe radiation co-propagates with controlled amounts of components of the reference radiation, thereby improving signal to noise ratios and hence performance of imaging and analysis systems. A preferred embodiment of the invention includes a rotational sensitive mirror that systematically rotates the polarization vector of higher order components of the reference radiation.