Abstract: The technology described herein provides a system and method for measuring an amount of virus in a sample to be tested. The system comprises a light emitting diode operable to emit UV light towards a sample to be tested, and a detector operable to detect light from fluorescence events induced in a sample by UV light emitted from the light emitting diode. An amount of virus in the sample is then estimated based on at least the light from fluorescence events that is detected by the detector.

Abstract: A near eye display comprising: a display device; and a waveguide; wherein the waveguide comprises an entry diffractive element and an exit diffractive element; wherein the display device is arranged to direct light into the waveguide via the entry diffractive element and wherein the exit diffractive element is arranged to direct light from the waveguide towards a user's eye; wherein the display device is arranged to output images in a repeating sequence of two or more different colours. Providing the images are transmitted in sufficiently quick succession, the brain will not perceive them as separate images, but will instead essentially merge them (as if they were overlaid on top of one another. As the brain is good at pattern recognition, it can compensate for any minor misalignments that occur between the different images. In this way the time-multiplexing approach avoids the need for multiple parallel waveguides for each specific colour or colour band.

Abstract: A near eye display comprising: a display device; and a waveguide; wherein the waveguide comprises an entry diffractive element and an exit diffractive element; wherein the display device is arranged to direct light into the waveguide via the entry diffractive element and wherein the exit diffractive element is arranged to direct light from the waveguide towards a user's eye; wherein the display device is arranged to output images in a repeating sequence of two or more different colours. Providing the images are transmitted in sufficiently quick succession, the brain will not perceive them as separate images, but will instead essentially merge them (as if they were overlaid on top of one another. As the brain is good at pattern recognition, it can compensate for any minor misalignments that occur between the different images. In this way the time-multiplexing approach avoids the need for multiple parallel waveguides for each specific colour or colour band.

Abstract: A patient with amblyopia is treated using a pair of shutter glasses (100). The shutter glasses (100) have first (104b) and second (106b) shutters and respective first (104c) and second (106c) variable focus lenses corresponding respectively to a lazy eye and a preferred eye of the patient. A power of at least one of the first (104c) or second (106c) variable focus lenses is adjusted. An opacity of the first shutter (104b) is controlled according to a first scheme. An opacity of the second shutter (106c) is controlled according to a second scheme. The first and second schemes are adhered to while the shutter glasses (100) are worn by the patient during a treatment period. The use of variable focus lenses together with shutters provides for a greater flexibility and improved procedures including correction of the refractive error in one or both eyes and/or using sub-optimal refractive powers as part of the treatment.

Abstract: Optical apparatus comprises at least one variable power lens 1 formed by a fluid-filled cavity 2 defined between two transparent walls 3, 4, at least one of which is provided by a flexible membrane 4. The apparatus further comprises a first pump 10 in fluid communication with the cavity 2 for varying the volume of fluid in the cavity 2 in order to change the optical power of the lens 1. A second pump 20 is provided in fluid communication with the cavity 2 for varying the volume of fluid in the cavity 2 in order to change the optical power of the lens 1. The second pump 20 is in fluid communication with the cavity 2 via a detachable connection 7, so that the second pump 20 can be removed from the apparatus after adjustment of the optical power of the lens 1.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of moulding a vision correction lens from a transparent resin. The resin is introduced into a mould cavity, the sides of which cavity which correspond to the front and rear surfaces of the lens being formed by two sheets, at least one of which is flexible. The amount of resin in the cavity is adjusted to deform the flexible sheet(s) so that the shape of the lens defined by the sheet(s) will provide a desired power, and the resin is then cured. The sheets can be transparent, and a user can look through them as the amount of resin is adjusted, to ensure that the lens is of the desired power. Further, the amount of resin in the cavity can be adjusted to accommodate changes in the refractive index of the resin as it cures.

Abstract: A variable focus lens includes a ring with a front surface and a rear surface. A flexible membrane is held between the front surface of the ring and a generally rigid transparent front cover, and a rear cover is attached to the rear surface of the ring, optionally with a second flexible membrane sandwiched between the rear cover and the ring. A cavity is formed between the flexible membrane and the rear cover or the second flexible membrane is filled with a liquid, and the amount of fluid in the cavity can be varied to vary the curvature of the flexible membrane and so vary the optical characteristics of the lens. The ring of the lens may be coloured, and may be transparent, translucent or opaque. Alternatively, a decorative cover may be attached to the front of the ring to give the appearance of a frame. The lenses may be used in variable focus spectacles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a variable focus lens (10), comprising a rigid ring (22), a flexible membrane (20) attached to the front surface of the ring, a rigid transparent front cover (40), attached to the flexible membrane (50), and a rigid rear cover (20) on the rear surface of the ring (22). A cavity (60) is formed between the flexible membrane (50) and the rear cover (20), and the cavity is filled with a liquid. The amount of liquid in the cavity can be varied to vary the curvature of the flexible membrane and so vary the optical characteristics of the lens. The rear cover can be integral with the ring, or formed separately. Further, a second flexible membrane can be positioned between the rear cover and the ring. The various parts of the lens can be held together by adhesive.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of moulding a vision correction lens from a transparent resin. The resin is introduced into a mould cavity, the sides of which cavity which correspond to the front and rear surfaces of the lens being formed by two sheets, at least one of which is flexible. The amount of resin in the cavity is adjusted to deform the flexible sheet(s) so that the shape of the lens defined by the sheet(s) will provide a desired power, and the resin is then cured. The sheets can be transparent, and a user can look through them as the amount of resin is adjusted, to ensure that the lens is of the desired power. Further, the amount of resin in the cavity can be adjusted to accommodate changes in the refractive index of the resin as it cures.

Abstract: Variable focus optical devices, in particular lenses, can include a cavity at least partially defined by a flexible member (2), which may be retained between engaging portions of a frame member (8) and a ring member (12), such that a peripheral region of the membrane is caused to change direction, more than twice. The engaging portions of the ring and frame may be high-friction surfaces. In addition, methods of filling a cavity of a lens with transparent fluid, methods of adjusting the pressure of fluid in the cavity, and methods of sealing such a cavity are described, as well the use of such lenses in adjustable spectacles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a variable focus lens (10), comprising a rigid ring (22), a flexible membrane (20) attached to the front surface of the ring, a rigid transparent front cover (40), attached to the flexible membrane (50), and a rigid rear cover (20) on the rear surface of the ring (22). A cavity (60) is formed between the flexible membrane (50) and the rear cover (20), and the cavity is filled with a liquid. The amount of liquid in the cavity can be varied to vary the curvature of the flexible membrane and so vary the optical characteristics of the lens. The rear cover can be integral with the ring, or formed separately. Further, a second flexible membrane can be positioned between the rear cover and the ring. The various parts of the lens can be held together by adhesive.

Abstract: The invention provides a variable focus lens, comprising a ring with a front surface and a rear surface. A flexible membrane is held between the front surface of the ring and a generally rigid transparent front cover, and a rear cover is attached to the rear surface of the ring (optionally with a second flexible membrane sandwiched between the rear cover and the ring). A cavity is formed between the flexible membrane and the rear cover (or the second flexible membrane) is filled with a liquid, and the amount of fluid in the cavity can be varied to vary the curvature of the flexible membrane and so vary the optical characteristics of the lens. The ring of the lens may be coloured, and may be transparent, translucent or opaque. Alternatively, a decorative cover may be attached to the front of the ring to give the appearance of a frame. The lenses may be used in variable focus spectacles.

Abstract: A variable focus lens (10) comprises a ring (20) with a front surface and a rear surface. A flexible membrane (40) is held between the front surface of the ring and a generally rigid transparent front cover (50), and a rear cover (60) is mounted on the rear surface of the ring, such that a cavity formed between the flexible membrane and the rear cover can be filled with a liquid. The amount of fluid in the cavity can be varied to vary the curvature of the flexible membrane and so vary the optical characteristics of the lens. The ring is provided with an integral hollow extension (22), whose hollow interior (24) communicates with the cavity and forms a liquid reservoir for the variable focus lens (10). The invention also extends to spectacles using the lens.

Abstract: Variable focus optical devices, in particular lenses, can include a cavity at least partially defined by a flexible member (2), which may be retained between engaging portions of a frame member (8) and a ring member (12), such that a peripheral region of the membrane is caused to change direction, more than twice. The engaging portions of the ring and frame may be high-friction surfaces. In addition, methods of filling a cavity of a lens with transparent fluid, methods of adjusting the pressure of fluid in the cavity, and methods of sealing such a cavity are described, as well the use of such lenses in adjustable spectacles.

Abstract: The invention relates to a variable focus lens (10), comprising a rigid ring (22), a flexible membrane (20) attached to the front surface of the ring, a rigid transparent front cover (40), attached to the flexible membrane (50), and a rigid rear cover (20) on the rear surface of the ring (22). A cavity (60) is formed between the flexible membrane (50) and the rear cover (20), and the cavity is filled with a liquid. The amount of liquid in the cavity can be varied to vary the curvature of the flexible membrane and so vary the optical characteristics of the lens. The rear cover can be integral with the ring, or formed separately. Further, a second flexible membrane can be positioned between the rear cover and the ring. The various parts of the lens can be held together by adhesive.

Abstract: Variable focus optical devices, in particular lenses, can include a cavity at least partially defined by a flexible member (2), which may be retained between engaging portions of a frame member (8) and a ring member (12), such that a peripheral region of the membrane is caused to change direction more than twice. The engaging portions of the ring and frame may be high-friction surfaces. In addition, methods of filling a cavity of a lens with transparent fluid, methods of adjusting the pressure of fluid in the cavity, and methods of sealing such a cavity are described, as well the use of such lenses in adjustable spectacles.

Abstract: Variable focus optical devices, in particular lenses, can include a cavity at least partially defined by a flexible membrane (2), which may be retained between engaging portions of a frame member (8) and a ring member (12), such that a peripheral region of the membrane is caused to change direction more than twice. The engaging portions of the ring and frame may be high-friction surfaces. In addition, methods of filling a cavity of a lens with transparent fluid, methods of adjusting the pressure of fluid in the cavity, and methods of sealing such a cavity are described, as well the use of such lenses in adjustable spectacles.

Abstract: In the field of eyesight correction, there is a need for "universal" spectacles that can be tailored in situ to suit an individual's requirements. The disclosure relates to an apparatus, which may be in the form of a pair of spectacles (1) including one or more liquid lenses (11a, 11b). The apparatus also includes a sealable duct (24) and a pump (e.g., a syringe) for adjusting the pressure of liquid in the liquid lens. In use, the apparatus is adjusted to provide eyesight correction for an individual. The duct (24) is then sealed, thereby rendering the apparatus subsequently non-adjustable and therefore permanently tailored to the requirements of the individual. The disclosure also relates to an apparatus in the form of a flexible membrane mirror.