Abstract: A battery comprises a housing, an electrolyte disposed in the housing, a cathode disposed in the housing, an anode disposed in the housing and comprising an anode material comprising: zinc or zinc oxide, an electrocoagulant material selected from the group consisting of: aluminum, iron, titanium, calcium, zirconium, a hydroxide thereof, a salt thereof, an oxide thereof, and a combination thereof, and a binder.

Abstract: A secondary alkaline battery using manganese dioxide is described. The battery includes a mixed cathode material with birnessite-phase manganese dioxide or electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), a bismuth compound and a copper compound selected from the group consisting of elemental copper and a copper salt. In some embodiments, a conductive carbon and/or a binder may also be included.

Abstract: A rechargeable alkaline battery includes an anode comprising zinc, a cathode, and separator disposed between the anode and the cathode. The separator comprises a water-insoluble metal hydroxide. For example, the water-insoluble metal hydroxide can be magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, or any combination thereof. The separator comprising the water-insoluble metal hydroxide can serve to capture a portion of any zincate ions produced at the anode prior to the zincate ions passing through the separator to the cathode.

Abstract: A bipolar battery having at least two electrochemical cells electrically arranged in series includes a housing, an electrolyte, a bipolar electrode, an anode, a cathode, and first and second microporous separators. The bipolar electrode comprises a first anode material and a first cathode material. The first cathode and anode materials are disposed on opposite faces of a current collector. The anode comprises a second anode material comprising: a zinc compound, a zinc oxide compound, and a binder, and the cathode comprises a second cathode material comprising: a manganese oxide, a conductive carbon, and a copper compound. The first cathode material faces the second anode material, and the first anode material faces the second cathode material. The first microporous separator is disposed between the first cathode material and the second anode material, and the second microporous separator is disposed between the first anode material and the second cathode material.

Abstract: A secondary alkaline battery using manganese dioxide is described. The battery includes a mixed cathode material with birnessite-phase manganese dioxide or electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), a bismuth compound and a copper compound selected from the group consisting of elemental copper and a copper salt. In some embodiments, a conductive carbon and/or a binder may also be included.

Abstract: A secondary alkaline battery using manganese dioxide is described. The battery includes a mixed cathode material with birnessite-phase manganese dioxide or electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), a bismuth compound and a copper compound selected from the group consisting of elemental copper and a copper salt. In some embodiments, a conductive carbon and/or a binder may also be included.

Abstract: A secondary alkaline battery using manganese dioxide is described. The battery includes a mixed cathode material with birnessite-phase manganese dioxide or electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), a bismuth compound and a copper compound selected from the group consisting of elemental copper and a copper salt. In some embodiments, a conductive carbon and/or a binder may also be included.

Abstract: Methods of using specific operational charge and discharge parameters to extend the life of alkaline batteries are disclosed. The methods can be used with any commercial primary or secondary alkaline battery, as well as with newer alkaline battery designs, including batteries with flowing electrolyte. The methods include cycling batteries within a narrow operating voltage window, with minimum and maximum cut-off voltages that are set based on battery characteristics and environmental conditions. The narrow voltage window decreases available capacity but allows the batteries to be cycled for hundreds or thousands of times.

Abstract: A nickel-zinc battery includes a battery housing, a nickel oxide positive electrode supported in the battery housing, a metal substrate negative electrode supported in the battery housing, a spacer disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, an electrolyte contained within the battery housing and a means for circulating electrolyte in fluid communication with the housing for circulating the electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes. The electrolyte contains zinc and the metal substrate is adapted for deposition of the zinc during charging of the battery. The spacer maintains the positive electrode in a spaced relationship apart from the negative electrode.

Abstract: Methods of using specific operational charge and discharge parameters to extend the life of alkaline batteries are disclosed. The methods can be used with any commercial primary or secondary alkaline battery, as well as with newer alkaline battery designs, including batteries with flowing electrolyte. The methods include cycling batteries within a narrow operating voltage window, with minimum and maximum cut-off voltages that are set based on battery characteristics and environmental conditions. The narrow voltage window decreases available capacity but allows the batteries to be cycled for hundreds or thousands of times.

Abstract: A nickel-zinc battery includes a battery housing, a nickel oxide positive electrode supported in the battery housing, a metal substrate negative electrode supported in the battery housing, a spacer disposed between the positive and negative electrodes, an electrolyte contained within the battery housing and a means for circulating electrolyte in fluid communication with the housing for circulating the electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes. The electrolyte contains zinc and the metal substrate is adapted for deposition of the zinc during charging of the battery. The spacer maintains the positive electrode in a spaced relationship apart from the negative electrode.