Abstract: A polymeric film including a major surface having a plurality of intersecting extended structures is described. For at least a majority of the structures in the plurality of extended structures: each structure extends along a length of the structure, has an average width along a direction transverse to the length and generally along the first major surface, and has an average height along a direction generally perpendicular to the first major surface; and the average width of the structure may be in a range of 1 to 200 micrometers, the average height of the structure may be in a range of 1 to 200 micrometers, and the length may be at least 3 times the average width. The extended structures may be randomly or pseudorandomly oriented and may be formed by microreplicating a surface of a paper.

Abstract: An optical system for examining an optical characteristic of a test material at at least a first wavelength includes an elongated hollow structure elongated along a length thereof and having one or more walls extending along the length of the hollow structure and defining an elongated chamber therebetween configured to receive the test material. The elongated hollow structure includes at least a first light opening, such that for the at least the first wavelength, the one or more walls have an optical reflectance of greater than about 50% for incident angles of up to at least 40 degrees, and at least one of the at least the first light opening has an optical transmittance of greater than about 50% for at least one incident angle.

Abstract: A polymeric film including a major surface having a plurality of intersecting extended structures is described. For at least a majority of the structures in the plurality of extended structures: each structure extends along a length of the structure, has an average width along a direction transverse to the length and generally along the first major surface, and has an average height along a direction generally perpendicular to the first major surface; and the average width of the structure may be in a range of 1 to 200 micrometers, the average height of the structure may be in a range of 1 to 200 micrometers, and the length may be at least 3 times the average width. The extended structures may be randomly or pseudorandomly oriented and may be formed by microreplicating a surface of a paper.

Abstract: Various embodiments described herein relate to a laminate. The laminate includes a release liner comprising at least one polyolefin and an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer contacts a region of a first major surface of the release liner. Upon exposure to laser electromagnetic radiation, the adhesive layer is configured to absorb at least 55% (in some embodiments, at least 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or even 100%) of the laser electromagnetic radiation and the release liner absorbs no greater than 45% (in some embodiments, no greater than 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or even 0%) of the laser electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A double hollow rod cylinder is provided. The cylinder includes a cylinder body and a piston apparatus. The cylinder body has a hollow cylinder member with an internal cylinder cavity. The piston apparatus includes a piston, a first piston rod coupled to a first end of the piston and a second piston rod coupled to the second end of the piston. The piston apparatus is arranged such that the piston is within the cylinder cavity. The piston is fixed in place while the cylinder body is free to slide from a first position to a second position based on fluid input to the apparatus. A fluid system provides fluid to the first piston rod to move the cylinder body towards the free end of the first piston rod and fluid to the second piston rod to move the cylinder body towards the free end of the second piston rod.