Abstract: A probe for collecting optically stimulated electron emission to inspect chemical reactions of a surface includes a light source to emit light on the surface, a collector, and a controller. The light source emits light on the surface. The collector is configured to detect photoelectrons emitted from the surface in response to the light from the light source impinging on the surface. The collector is further configured to provide a photocurrent based on the detected photoelectrons. The controller includes at least one processor and is operably coupled to the light source and the collector. The controller is configured to cause the light source to emit light on the surface, receive the photocurrent from the collector, and determine at least one chemical reaction of the surface based on the received photocurrent.

Abstract: A hand-held training weight is useful in the development of hand-grip, wrist and arm strength. The hand-held training weight is ring-shaped and has radial cross-sections tapering from a smallest cross-sectional area to a greatest cross-sectional area and back to the smallest cross-sectional area in a closed-loop path. All of the cross-sectional areas are sized to be hand-gripped. The user can grip the weight with one hand at any location on the weight and extend the forearm to position the weight at a desired distance and direction from the user's body. The user can relocate the grip incrementally until the grip returns to the original grip location. At each incremental grip location the user can incrementally change the orientation of the forearm to create a personal training regimen.

Abstract: A registration method for digital radiography of thin flexible multilayer materials, which includes adding surface modifications to a product formed from thin flexible multilayer materials to create high contrast registration markers. The present approach is suited for products that would otherwise display few distinguishable features in high-resolution narrow field of view images. The registration markers are used to register and align a series of high-resolution narrow field of view images of separate portions of a thin, flexible, multilayer product. The aligned images may be digitally stitched together to form a high-resolution composite image of the whole product. The resulting composite image may allow nondestructive inspection to analyze changes to the internal structure of the product over time. The flexible multilayer materials with registration markers may be used in battery cell pouches, which permits tracking internal changes of a lithium-ion pouch cell battery over time.

Abstract: A probe for collecting optically stimulated electron emission to inspect chemical reactions of a surface includes a light source to emit light on the surface, a collector, and a controller. The light source emits light on the surface. The collector is configured to detect photoelectrons emitted from the surface in response to the light from the light source impinging on the surface. The collector is further configured to provide a photocurrent based on the detected photoelectrons. The controller includes at least one processor and is operably coupled to the light source and the collector. The controller is configured to cause the light source to emit light on the surface, receive the photocurrent from the collector, and determine at least one chemical reaction of the surface based on the received photocurrent.