Abstract: A system, method and computer readable medium for dialysis treatment planning and optimization is disclosed. The system can include a processor programmed to perform operations including receiving a dialysis treatment parameter set and retrieving a predetermined list of dialyzers and corresponding cost and performance data for each dialyzer. The operations can also include iteratively calculating a cost impact of different treatment scenarios, the cost impact being determined based both on a clinical impact and on a cost value. Each scenario can be stored along with the dialysis treatment parameters and the calculated cost impact for each scenario. The operations can further include selecting the scenario having the most desirable cost impact; and outputting the selected scenario including the cost impact and the dialysis treatment parameters for the selected scenario.