Abstract: A data security apparatus has an analog component and control circuitry. The control circuitry receives an incoming digital message and converts it to or from encrypted form using the analog component. The control circuitry drives the analog component with drive signals and receives back a digital representation of what the analog component's sensor outputs. It uses this in making a digital keystream. In operation, the control circuitry makes the drive signals by encrypting a nonce-based value with a key. It can encrypt the digital representation of the sensor outputs that resulted from the drive signal, with the same key. The control circuitry also can also encrypt the nonce-based value with a different key, and then combine this with the encrypted sensor output to generate the digital keystream that is uses in the conversion.

Abstract: A data security apparatus includes an analog component. The analog component operates internally with a high degree of entropy. This high degree of entropy resides in the interactions between its internal components in response to an external driving signal. The interactions within the analog component have a level of entropy that is high enough to make digital simulation of the analog component impractical. Because the analog component is impractical to digitally simulate it is referred to as being digitally unclonable. The data security apparatus processes data by encrypting plaintext data into ciphertext and/or decrypting data from ciphertext into plaintext. Part of the conversion between plaintext and ciphertext uses the analog component.

Abstract: An optical numerical computation method obtains operands that have respective values, and modulates light sources to output light at amplitudes proportional to the operands. The light output for a given operand depends on whether the operand is positive or negative. The positive operands are output at wavelengths different from the negative operands. For operands that have multiple digits, the digits are separately treated so that the least significant digits are modulated with light sources at one frequency, and the most significant digits in two-digit numbers are modulated at another frequency, with positive and negative operands modulated at different frequencies. The light from the light sources enters a light collection cavity where it is sensed with sensors that generate resultant outputs at values indicative of the sensed light value.

Abstract: A light-based apparatus has an input device, accepting two or more numerical inputs and an output command. It has a logic unit that receives the two numerical inputs from the input device, and is adapted to combine various lights, in amplitudes based on the respective values of the numerical inputs, to produce an output light sum representing a sum of the two numerical inputs. The logic unit also has an output sensing circuit to sense the output light sum. The logic unit is responsive to the output command to output a value representing the output light sum. The device uses a computing method that includes comingling light from multiple sources, at the same time, in a light containment area to provide comingled light. The method includes using light amplitude sensing circuitry to sense an amplitude of the comingled light, outputting an arithmetic sum, based on the amplitude of the comingled light, without using a binary computer to compute the arithmetic sum.

Abstract: An optical numerical computation device relates light from a plurality of light sources to calculate an arithmetic solution. The optical numerical computation device includes input circuitry, pre-calculation circuitry, calculation circuitry, a light collection cavity, and a plurality of light computation components. The pre-calculation circuitry and calculation circuitry cause light sources to emit light representing the values of input operands, which is subsequently related within the light collection cavity. Sensors then generate resultant outputs at values indicative of the sensed light value. The respective wavelengths of light used may be associated with an operand arithmetic sign or an order of magnitude.

Abstract: A data security apparatus includes an analog component. The analog component operates internally with a high degree of entropy. This high degree of entropy resides in the interactions between its internal components in response to an external driving signal. The interactions within the analog component have a level of entropy that is high enough to make digital simulation of the analog component impractical. Because the analog component is impractical to digitally simulate it is referred to as being digitally unclonable. The data security apparatus processes data by encrypting plaintext data into ciphertext and/or decrypting data from ciphertext into plaintext. Part of the conversion between plaintext and ciphertext uses the analog component.

Abstract: A data security apparatus includes an analog component. The analog component operates internally with a high degree of entropy. This high degree of entropy resides in the interactions between its internal components in response to an external driving signal. The interactions within the analog component have a level of entropy that is high enough to make digital simulation of the analog component impractical. Because the analog component is impractical to digitally simulate it is referred to as being digitally unclonable. The data security apparatus processes data by encrypting plaintext data into ciphertext and/or decrypting data from ciphertext into plaintext. Part of the conversion between plaintext and ciphertext uses the analog component.

Abstract: A light source is realized in a wall portion and a base portion forming a flexible structure, the wall portion having a plurality of inward facing LEDs, a bottom edge of the wall portion being adjacent to an edge of the wide portion. The resulting well is subsequently filled with a material to form an optical cavity, the height of the resultant optical cavity being matching a top edge of the wall portion. The top surface of the optical cavity is spin coated with a thin layer of quantum dots which serve to shift a wavelength of light emitted from the LEDs. Finally, a protective layer is applied to fix and protect the thin layer of quantum dots. Thus, a light source is realized which can reliably provide light at a specific wavelength defined by the interaction between the LEDs and quantum dots.

Abstract: A computing apparatus has a logic unit configured to perform an arithmetic operation by relating light beams, each having a respective light amplitude, to obtain a light-based result of the operation, and to evaluate the light-based result to output a corresponding numeric result. The logic unit uses variables values, each corresponding to a respective distinct light amplitude, the variable values thereby corresponding to a plurality of distinct light amplitudes.

Abstract: An optical numerical computation device relates light from a plurality of light sources to calculate an arithmetic solution. The optical numerical computation device includes input circuitry, pre-calculation circuitry, calculation circuitry, a light collection cavity, and a plurality of light computation components. The pre-calculation circuitry and calculation circuitry cause light sources to emit light representing the values of input operands, which is subsequently related within the light collection cavity. Sensors then generate resultant outputs at values indicative of the sensed light value. The respective wavelength of light emitted from or sensed by each light computation component may be associated with an operand arithmetic sign.

Abstract: A light source is realized in a wall portion and a base portion forming a flexible structure, a the wall portion having a plurality of inward facing LEDs thereupon, a bottom edge of the wall portion being adjacent to an edge of the wide portion. The resulting well is subsequently filled with a material to form an optical cavity, the height of the resultant optical cavity being matching a top edge of the wall portion. The top surface of the optical cavity is spin coated with a thin layer of quantum dots which serve to shift a wavelength of light emitted from the LEDs. Finally, a protective layer is applied to fix and protect the thin layer of quantum dots. Thus, a light source is realized which can reliably provide light at a specific wavelength defined by the interaction between the LEDs and quantum dots.

Abstract: A symmetric data encryption system configured to receive a data stream to be encoded; to relate segments of the data stream with a predetermined distortion-inducing amplitude of light to encrypt the data stream; to transmit the data stream; to decrypt the data stream by compensating for the value induced by the distortion-inducing amplitude of light; wherein the distortion-inducing amplitude of light relates to different wavelengths of light emitted by one or more of a plurality of light sources in a non-uniform manner so the effect of the distortion-inducing amplitude of light is difficult to predict, thereby providing obfuscation and encryption of the data stream.

Abstract: A data security apparatus includes an analog component. The analog component operates internally with a high degree of entropy. This high degree of entropy resides in the interactions between its internal components in response to an external driving signal. The interactions within the analog component have a level of entropy that is high enough to make digital simulation of the analog component impractical. Because the analog component is impractical to digitally simulate it is referred to as being digitally unclonable. The data security apparatus processes data by encrypting plaintext data into ciphertext and/or decrypting data from ciphertext into plaintext. Part of the conversion between plaintext and ciphertext uses the analog component.

Abstract: A symmetric data encryption system configured to receive a data stream to be encoded; to relate segments of the data stream with a predetermined distortion-inducing amplitude of light to encrypt the datastream; to transmit the datastream; to decrypt the data stream by compensating for the value induced by the distortion-inducing amplitude of light; wherein the distortion-inducing amplitude of light relates to different wavelengths of light emitted by one or more of a plurality of light sources in a non-uniform manner such that the effect of the distortion-inducing amplitude of light is difficult to predict, thereby providing obfuscation and encryption of the datastream.

Abstract: A computing apparatus has a logic unit configured to perform an arithmetic operation by relating light beams, each having a respective light amplitude, to obtain a light-based result of the operation, and to evaluate the light-based result to output a corresponding numeric result. The logic unit uses variables values, each corresponding to a respective distinct light amplitude, the variable values thereby corresponding to a plurality of distinct light amplitudes.