Abstract: A mobile device includes: a network interface configured to send messages toward, and receive messages from, a communication network wirelessly; and a message module independent of an OS and a BIOS of the mobile device, the message module being configured to produce and provide a location message to the network interface to be sent toward the communication network. The location message contains information that enables at least one of determination or estimation of a location of the mobile device and identification of the mobile device. The message module is configured to provide the location message to the transmitter without use of the operating system or the BIOS. The message module is configured to produce the location message based on a network communication message received at the mobile device through the network interface.