Abstract: The present disclosure provides chips, devices and methods for sequencing a biomolecule. The biomolecule may be DNA, RNA. a protein, or a peptide. The chip comprises a substrate; a first and second fluid chamber; fluid channels connecting the first and second fluid chamber; a first and second electrode disposed on opposing sides of the central fluid channel and having a nanogap therebetween, wherein the width of the nanogap is modulated by confined electrochemical deposition; and a passivation layer disposed on top of the first and second electrodes and the fluid channel.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides devices, systems, and methods related to protein bioelectronics. In particular, the present disclosure provides bioelectronic devices, systems, and methods that utilize a defined electrical potential to maximize electrical conductance of a protein-of-interest, which can serve as a basis for the fabrication of enhanced bioelectronic devices for the direct measurement of protein activity.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides chips, devices and methods for sequencing a biomolecule. The biomolecule may be DNA, RNA. a protein, or a peptide. The chip comprises a substrate; a first and second fluid chamber; fluid channels connecting the first and second fluid chamber; a first and second electrode disposed on opposing sides of the central fluid channel and having a nanogap therebetween, wherein the width of the nanogap is modulated by confined electrochemical deposition; and a passivation layer disposed on top of the first and second electrodes and the fluid channel.