Abstract: The method of preparing biogenic silver nanoparticles includes preparing an aqueous plant extract by boiling cut leaves of Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) G. Nicholson in distilled water, retaining the aqueous extract. The aqueous plant extracts were mixed with aqueous solutions of silver ions derived from different silver salt precursors (e.g., silver nitrate, silver sulfate, etc.). The resulting biogenic silver nanoparticles exhibit antimicrobial activity against various strains of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including some strains of drug-resistant microorganisms. The biogenic silver nanoparticles also exhibit anticancer activity against certain human cancer cell lines. Surprisingly, biogenic silver nanoparticles prepared from nitrate precursor exhibited greater anticancer activity than nanoparticles from sulfate precursor, while biogenic silver nanoparticles prepared from sulfate precursor exhibited greater antibacterial activity than nanoparticles from nitrate precursor.

Abstract: The method of making a supercapacitor using porous activated carbon from cow dung includes converting cow dung to porous activated carbon by, in a first step, preparing the dung waste by washing and drying the dung waste, and heating the dung waste in a vacuum environment to form pre-carbonized carbon. In a second step, the pre-carbonized carbon is impregnated with phosphoric acid to form a slurry, which is dried, ground, and heated in a vacuum to between 600-900° C. to form porous activated carbon. The porous activated carbon is mixed with a binder, acetylene black, and an organic solvent to form a paste, which is dried on a conductive metal foil to form an electrode. Two such electrodes (an anode and cathode) to are coated with an electrolyte gel (e.g., aqueous potassium hydroxide) and separated by a polymer (e.g., PTFE) membrane to form the supercapacitor.

Abstract: The method of making a supercapacitor using porous activated carbon from cow dung includes converting cow dung to porous activated carbon by, in a first step, preparing the dung waste by washing and drying the dung waste, and heating the dung waste in a vacuum environment to form pre-carbonized carbon. In a second step, the pre-carbonized carbon is impregnated with phosphoric acid to form a slurry, which is dried, ground, and heated in a vacuum to between 600-900° C. to form porous activated carbon. The porous activated carbon is mixed with a binder, acetylene black, and an organic solvent to form a paste, which is dried on a conductive metal foil to form an electrode. Two such electrodes (an anode and cathode) to are coated with an electrolyte gel (e.g., aqueous potassium hydroxide) and separated by a polymer (e.g., PTFE) membrane to form the supercapacitor.

Abstract: A template-free method of preparing zeolites from biomass can include using rice husk ash waste material as a precursor material. The zeolites can include ZSM-5 zeolites, such as, hierarchical pure zeolites and metal-loaded (Cu, Ni) ZSM-5 zeolites. This method allows for production of zeolites in a low cost and environmentally friendly manner. These ZSM-5 zeolites may be used for numerous applications, including killing cancer cells. The cancer cells may be human lung cancer cells.

Abstract: The method of making a supercapacitor using porous activated carbon from cow dung includes converting cow dung to porous activated carbon by, in a first step, preparing the dung waste by washing and drying the dung waste, and heating the dung waste in a vacuum environment to form pre-carbonized carbon. In a second step, the pre-carbonized carbon is impregnated with phosphoric acid to form a slurry, which is dried, ground, and heated in a vacuum to between 600-900° C. to form porous activated carbon. The porous activated carbon is mixed with a binder, acetylene black, and an organic solvent to form a paste, which is dried on a conductive metal foil to form an electrode. Two such electrodes (an anode and cathode) are coated with an electrolyte gel (e.g., aqueous potassium hydroxide) and separated by a polymer (e.g., PTFE) membrane to form the supercapacitor.

Abstract: The method of making a porous carbon electrode is a chemical activation-based method of making a porous nanocarbon electrode for supercapacitors and the like. Recycled jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) peel waste is used as a precursor carbon source for producing the porous nanocarbon. A volume of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) peel is collected, dried and then heated under vacuum to produce precursor carbon. The precursor carbon is mixed with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to form a mixture, which is then stirred, dried and heated to yield porous nanocarbon. The porous nanocarbon is mixed with a binder, such as poly(vinylidenedifluoride), acetylene black, and an organic solvent, such as n-methyl pyrrolidinone, to form a paste. This paste is then coated on a strip of nickel foil to form the porous carbon electrode.

Abstract: The composite electrode material for supercapacitors includes mesoporous manganese dioxide (MnO2), graphene oxide, and nanoparticles of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). The composite material is prepared by preparing mesoporous manganese dioxide, preferably by surfactant-assisted precipitation, then mixing graphene oxide with the mesoporous MnO2 is ethanol and ultrasonicating, and finally nanoparticles of MoS2 are mixed with the suspension of graphene oxide and mesoporous MnO2 to form the composite electrode material. The capacitance of the material may be varied by changing the concentration of MoS2 nanoparticles. Samples of the composite electrode material exhibited good supercapacitance values, such as 527 and 1160 F/g.