Abstract: Disclosed are systems and processes for the removal and conversion of pollutants in water. A system includes a set of electrodes with at least one electrode having an integrated catalyst material. The system is operatable in a first, electrodialysis mode in which one or more pollutants are separated from a feedwater stream, and a second electrolysis mode in which the separated pollutant(s) are catalytically converted into benign products by way of the catalyst material of the electrode. Electrodialysis and electrolysis are therefore carried out using the same unit.

Abstract: A three-dimensional photo/electrodialysis unit includes four compartments. A first compartment holds a three-dimensional electrode and a group of one or more electrochemically active redox species. A first electroactive cation selective membrane couples the first compartment to a second compartment that provides a first feedstock. An electroactive anion selective membrane couples the second compartment to a third compartment that provides a second feedstock.

Abstract: A solar fuel production assembly comprises a separation structure including an ion conducting membrane structurally integrated with one or more solar fuel production units that absorb solar energy to drive one or more redox reactions. A reduction half-reaction occurs on a first side of the separation structure to produce one or more reduction products and an associated oxidation half-reaction occurs on an opposite second side of the separation structure to produce one or more oxidation products. The one or more reduction products are collectable from the first side and the one or more oxidation products are collectable from the second side of the separation structure. The ion conducting membrane provides facile transport of ions to reduce ion transfer ohmic losses associated with the one or more redox reactions, and also provides for separation of the one or more reduction products from the one or more oxidation products.

Abstract: A multi-junction artificial photosynthetic unit includes an active element with a plurality of semiconducting layers, with metal layers deposited between the semiconductor layers appropriately forming Schottky barrier junctions or ohmic junctions with a surface of an adjacent semiconductor layer. The active element is formed within a protective structure formed of porous aluminum oxide. Successive layers of the active element can be formed within the protective structure, and additional layers and junctions can be added until desired photovoltages are achieved. A photoreactor for the production of fuels and chemicals driven by solar-powered redox reactions includes a bag reactor filled with a feedstock solution. A plurality of multi-junction photosynthetic units are placed in the feedstock solution to drive the redox reactions and produce the desired fuels and chemicals.

Abstract: A multi-junction artificial photosynthetic unit includes an active element with a plurality of semiconducting layers, with metal layers deposited between the semiconductor layers appropriately forming Schottky barrier junctions or ohmic junctions with a surface of an adjacent semiconductor layer. The active element is formed within a protective structure formed of porous aluminum oxide. Successive layers of the active element can be formed within the protective structure, and additional layers and junctions can be added until desired photovoltages are achieved. A photoreactor for the production of fuels and chemicals driven by solar-powered redox reactions includes a bag reactor filled with a feedstock solution. A plurality of multi-junction photosynthetic units are placed in the feedstock solution to drive the redox reactions and produce the desired fuels and chemicals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer coating that can be used to stabilize the operation of electroactive devices. The coating can be electrically conductive and optically transparent. The coating can be a polymer such as PEDOT:PSS, and the polymer can be doped or undoped. The coating can help facilitate PEC and PS reactions that form electrical energy or other chemicals. The coating can additionally be used for coating other electroactive devices.

Abstract: A content protection method includes generating content protection information regarding a content to be protected by a content producer, and generating a content name indicating a location of the content in content name based networks based on the content protection information. The content protection information may include at least one of marking information indicating whether the content is protected and policy information indicating a disclosure range of the content.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a plurality of gate lines (GØ-Gn), a plurality of data lines (D1-Dn) formed in a direction crossing the gate lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes formed in a pixel area defined by the gate lines and the data lines, the pixel electrodes indicating pictures by a control of the corresponding gate lines, and a light volume adjusting layer formed on a lower layer of the pixel electrodes controlled by a second one of the gate lines (G1).

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode LCD device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed, which can easily repair data line by forming dummy patterns to prepare an open region of data line during a process. The in-plane switching mode LCD device includes first and second substrates opposing each other and a liquid crystal layer therebetween, gate and data lines arranged to cross each other on the first substrate, a plurality of common electrodes and data electrodes for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate within a pixel region defined by the gate and data lines, and first and second dummy patterns integral with the common electrodes and respectively overlapping a portion of the data line defining the pixel region. If the data line has an open region, the data line is electrically connected with the first and second dummy patterns, while the portion of the common electrode integral with the first and second dummy patterns is insulated from the common line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a plurality of gate lines (GØ-Gn), a plurality of data lines (D1-Dn) formed in a direction crossing the gate lines, a plurality of pixel electrodes formed in a pixel area defined by the gate lines and the data lines, the pixel electrodes indicating pictures by a control of the corresponding gate lines, and a light volume adjusting layer formed on a lower layer of the pixel electrodes controlled by a second one of the gate lines (G1).

Abstract: A multi-domain liquid crystal display device comprises first and second substrates facing each other; a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates; a plurality of gate bus lines arranged in a first direction on the first substrate and a plurality of data bus lines arranged in a second direction on the first substrate to define a plurality of pixel region; a thin film transistor positioned at a crossing area of the data bus line and the gate bus line, the thin film transistor comprising a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, and source/drain electrodes; a common-auxiliary electrode comprising at least one electrode in the each pixel region; a plurality of pixel electrodes electrically charged through the thin film transistor; and an alignment layer on at least one substrate between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: An in-plane switching mode LCD device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed, which can easily repair data line by forming dummy patterns to prepare an open region of data line during a process. The in-plane switching mode LCD device includes first and second substrates opposing each other and a liquid crystal layer therebetween, gate and data lines arranged to cross each other on the first substrate, a plurality of common electrodes and data electrodes for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate within a pixel region defined by the gate and data lines, and first and second dummy patterns integral with the common electrodes and respectively overlapping a portion of the data line defining the pixel region. If the data line has an open region, the data line is electrically connected with the first and second dummy patterns, while the portion of the common electrode integral with the first and second dummy patterns is insulated from the common line.