Abstract: A LC cell is manufactured by the method including the steps of: rubbing a first alignment layer coating a first substrate, such that the first alignment layer has a first pretilt angle associated therewith; exposing said second alignment layer coating a first substrate to light such that said second alignment layer has at least one second pretilt angle associated therewith; and providing a liquid crystal material between said first and second substrates. The materials for the first and second alignment layers include a polyimide and a polysiloxane based material.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a plurality of pixels, each pixel having a plurality of domains. In boundary regions between the domains, an opaque metal layer is formed to shield light transmission through these boundary regions and also to stabilize potential applied to pixel electrodes. A polyimide or photo-sensitive alignment layer is rubbed by fabric or exposed to light to provide alignment directions.

Abstract: A method of controlling the pretilt direction of the alignment layer in a liquid crystal cell including applying thermal energy to the alignment layer and exposing the alignment to light to control the pretilt direction of the alignment layer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating multi-domain liquid crystal cell includes the steps of providing first and second substrates, the first and second substrates being coated with photo-alignment layer, covering the substrate with a mask which has a plurality regions having different transmittances, exposing the substrate to vertical light having a first polarization direction, and exposing the substrate to oblique light. The photo-alignment materials include polysiloxane-based materials.

Abstract: A photo-irradiating apparatus includes a UV lamp generating the UV light, a lens, a polarizer in which the UV light is linearly polarized, and a substrate exposed by the linearly polarized UV light. The UV lamp, the lens, and the polarizer are arranged in a line. The UV light is irradiated into the alignment layer during the moving of a scan motor to irradiate the whole area of the alignment layer uniformly. In addition, the light is obliquely irradiated into the alignment layer so that the area exposed to the light is enlarged.

Abstract: A bend-aligned liquid crystal cell is manufactured by irradiating first and second alignment layers with first and second polarized ultraviolet lights to impart first and second pretilt angles in the first and second alignment layers, and injecting molecules of liquid crystal material between the first and second alignment layers. The alignment layers include polysiloxane based materials or polyvinylfluorocinnamate in which the pretilt angle of the alignment layer is changeable according to the ultraviolet absorption energy.

Abstract: A twisted nematic liquid crystal display which have a pixel divided into at least one is fabricated by using a UV light irradiated photo-polymer layer provided on a substrate, which includes a polysiloxane based material or polyvinylfluorocinnamate. The alignment direction and pretilt angle direction are adjusted by anchoring energy and flowing effect of liquid crystal material between substrates.