Abstract: Base station antennas include a main module that has a first backplane that includes a first reflector. A vertically-extending array of first radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the first reflector, and at least one first RF port is coupled to the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. These antennas further include a sub-module that is attached to the first backplane. The sub-module includes a second backplane that has a second reflector that is separate from the first reflector. A vertically-extending array of second radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the second reflector and is transversely spaced-apart from the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. A plurality of second RF ports are coupled to the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements. The vertically-extending array of first radiating elements and the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements are configured to serve a common sector of a base station.

Abstract: Base station antennas include a main module that has a first backplane that includes a first reflector. A vertically-extending array of first radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the first reflector, and at least one first RF port is coupled to the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. These antennas further include a sub-module that is attached to the first backplane. The sub-module includes a second backplane that has a second reflector that is separate from the first reflector. A vertically-extending array of second radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the second reflector and is transversely spaced-apart from the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. A plurality of second RF ports are coupled to the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements. The vertically-extending array of first radiating elements and the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements are configured to serve a common sector of a base station.

Abstract: A reduced wind load antenna includes: a radome having front, rear, and side surfaces; upper and lower end caps attached to upper and lower ends of the radome to define an internal cavity; and radiating elements positioned within the internal cavity and configured to transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals. The antenna includes at least one airflow separation delaying feature selected from the group consisting of: large radiused corners on the lower end cap; a domed upper end cap; a domed lower end cap; a plurality of protuberances on the front surface; a plurality of protuberances on each of the side surfaces; spiral ridges on the front surface; and a continuous protuberance on each of the side surfaces.

Abstract: Active antenna units and/or base station antennas are provided that include a reflector body with heat dissipation structures that can be directly exposed to environmental conditions during use. The heat dissipation structures have frequency selective surfaces and can be formed of sheet metal or provided as separate extruded or die cast members that can be coupled to the reflector body.

Abstract: A reduced wind load antenna includes: a radome having front, rear, and side surfaces; upper and lower end caps attached to upper and lower ends of the radome to define an internal cavity; and radiating elements positioned within the internal cavity and configured to transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals. The antenna includes at least one airflow separation delaying feature selected from the group consisting of: large radiused corners on the lower end cap; a domed upper end cap; a domed lower end cap; a plurality of protuberances on the front surface; a plurality of protuberances on each of the side surfaces; spiral ridges on the front surface; and a continuous protuberance on each of the side surfaces.

Abstract: A twin beam base station antenna includes a first array that has a plurality of columns of first frequency band radiating elements, the first array configured to form a first antenna beam that provides coverage throughout a first sub-sector of a three-sector base station. The radiating elements in a first of the columns in the first array have a first azimuth boresight pointing direction and the radiating elements in a second of the columns in the first array have a second azimuth boresight pointing direction that is offset from the first azimuth boresight pointing direction by at least 10°. The radiating elements in the second of the columns in the first array are electrically steered.

Abstract: Base station antennas include a base station antenna housing with laterally extending struts laterally extending forward and rearward arms and with a reflector coupled therebetween and with longitudinally extending struts that couple to the laterally extending struts and extend in a longitudinal direction along a portion of a length of the base station antenna housing.

Abstract: A base station antenna includes: a plurality of reflector panels; a plurality of printed circuit boards (PCBs), each of the circuit boards mounted on a respective one of the reflector panels; a plurality of radiating elements mounted on each of the PCBs, wherein the PCBs and the radiating elements are configured and arranged so that the base station antenna receives and transmits radio frequency signals in a first frequency band and a second frequency band; first and second wiper members pivotally mounted on each PCB at respective first and second pivots, the first and second wiper members being configured such that pivotal movement of the first and second wiper members induce downtilt angle adjustment in the radiating elements that transmit and receive signals in first frequency band; third and fourth wiper members pivotally mounted on each PCB at respective third and fourth pivots, the third and fourth wiper members being configured such that pivotal movement of the third and fourth wiper members induce dow

Abstract: A twin beam base station antenna includes a first array that has a plurality of columns of first frequency band radiating elements, the first array configured to form a first antenna beam that provides coverage throughout a first sub-sector of a three-sector base station. The radiating elements in a first of the columns in the first array have a first azimuth boresight pointing direction and the radiating elements in a second of the columns in the first array have a second azimuth boresight pointing direction that is offset from the first azimuth boresight pointing direction by at least 10°. The radiating elements in the second of the columns in the first array are electrically steered.

Abstract: A coding apparatus is mounted on a jumper cable. The coding apparatus includes a plurality of coding symbols. A selection mechanism is part of the coding apparatus and is operable to reveal a selected plurality of coding symbols of the plurality of coding symbols. The selected plurality of coding symbols, in combination, provide a code identifying a connection location for the jumper cable.

Abstract: Base station antennas include a main module that has a first backplane that includes a first reflector. A vertically-extending array of first radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the first reflector, and at least one first RF port is coupled to the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. These antennas further include a sub-module that is attached to the first backplane. The sub-module includes a second backplane that has a second reflector that is separate from the first reflector. A vertically-extending array of second radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the second reflector and is transversely spaced-apart from the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. A plurality of second RF ports are coupled to the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements. The vertically-extending array of first radiating elements and the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements are configured to serve a common sector of a base station.

Abstract: A communications antenna includes: an elongate reflector comprising a plurality of panels that define a regular polygonal profile, the reflector having a longitudinal axis; a plurality of circuit boards, each of the circuit boards mounted to a respective reflector panel; a plurality of subsets of radiating elements, each subset of radiating elements mounted in a column on a front surface of a respective circuit board; and a plurality of phase cables, each of the phase cables being mounted to two circuit boards disposed on diametrically opposed reflector panels, the phase cables being positioned forwardly of the circuit boards.

Abstract: Base station antennas include a main module that has a first backplane that includes a first reflector. A vertically-extending array of first radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the first reflector, and at least one first RF port is coupled to the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. These antennas further include a sub-module that is attached to the first backplane. The sub-module includes a second backplane that has a second reflector that is separate from the first reflector. A vertically-extending array of second radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the second reflector and is transversely spaced-apart from the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. A plurality of second RF ports are coupled to the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements. The vertically-extending array of first radiating elements and the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements are configured to serve a common sector of a base station.

Abstract: A reduced wind load antenna includes: a radome having front, rear, and side surfaces; upper and lower end caps attached to upper and lower ends of the radome to define an internal cavity; and radiating elements positioned within the internal cavity and configured to transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals. The antenna includes at least one airflow separation delaying feature selected from the group consisting of: large radiused corners on the lower end cap; a domed upper end cap; a domed lower end cap; a plurality of protuberances on the front surface; a plurality of protuberances on each of the side surfaces; spiral ridges on the front surface; and a continuous protuberance on each of the side surfaces.

Abstract: A twin beam base station antenna includes a first array that has a plurality of columns of first frequency band radiating elements, the first array configured to form a first antenna beam that provides coverage throughout a first sub-sector of a three-sector base station. The radiating elements in a first of the columns in the first array have a first azimuth boresight pointing direction and the radiating elements in a second of the columns in the first array have a second azimuth boresight pointing direction that is offset from the first azimuth boresight pointing direction by at least 10°. The radiating elements in the second of the columns in the first array are electrically steered.

Abstract: Base station antennas include a main module that has a first backplane that includes a first reflector. A vertically-extending array of first radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the first reflector, and at least one first RF port is coupled to the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. These antennas further include a sub-module that is attached to the first backplane. The sub-module includes a second backplane that has a second reflector that is separate from the first reflector. A vertically-extending array of second radiating elements is mounted to extend forwardly from the second reflector and is transversely spaced-apart from the vertically-extending array of first radiating elements. A plurality of second RF ports are coupled to the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements. The vertically-extending array of first radiating elements and the vertically-extending array of second radiating elements are configured to serve a common sector of a base station.

Abstract: A twin beam base station antenna includes a first array that has a plurality of columns of first frequency band radiating elements, the first array configured to form a first antenna beam that provides coverage throughout a first sub-sector of a three-sector base station. The radiating elements in a first of the columns in the first array have a first azimuth boresight pointing direction and the radiating elements in a second of the columns in the first array have a second azimuth boresight pointing direction that is offset from the first azimuth boresight pointing direction by at least 10°. The radiating elements in the second of the columns in the first array are electrically steered.

Abstract: A twin beam base station antenna includes a first array that has a plurality of columns of first frequency band radiating elements, the first array configured to form a first antenna beam that provides coverage throughout a first sub-sector of a three-sector base station. The radiating elements in a first of the columns in the first array have a first azimuth boresight pointing direction and the radiating elements in a second of the columns in the first array have a second azimuth boresight pointing direction that is offset from the first azimuth boresight pointing direction by at least 10°. The radiating elements in the second of the columns in the first array are electrically steered.

Abstract: A communications antenna includes: an elongate reflector comprising a plurality of panels that define a regular polygonal profile, the reflector having a longitudinal axis; a plurality of circuit boards, each of the circuit boards mounted to a respective reflector panel; a plurality of subsets of radiating elements, each subset of radiating elements mounted in a column on a front surface of a respective circuit board; and a plurality of phase cables, each of the phase cables being mounted to two circuit boards disposed on diametrically opposed reflector panels, the phase cables being positioned forwardly of the circuit boards.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a mask and a method of determining etching times for etching the mask. In one embodiment, values for a main etching time and an over-etching time are determined simultaneously based on a desired critical dimension (CD) parameter and a desired phase parameter for the mask.