Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training a neural network. One of the methods includes generating, by a speech recognition system, a matrix from a predetermined quantity of vectors that each represent input for a layer of a neural network, generating a plurality of sub-matrices from the matrix, using, for each of the sub-matrices, the respective sub-matrix as input to a node in the layer of the neural network to determine whether an utterance encoded in an audio signal comprises a keyword for which the neural network is trained.

Abstract: An oven includes a cooking enclosure including one or more cooking heater elements, a steam source in the cooking enclosure, and a steam source heater for the steam source. A sensor is responsive to the temperature of the steam source. A fluid reservoir is exterior to the cooking enclosure and a conduit extends from the fluid reservoir to or proximate the steam source. A controller energizes the steam source heater if the temperature of the steam source is below a predetermined threshold and de-energizes the steam source heater if the temperature of the steam source is above the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a reflectance property indication of a sample which includes making a reflectance measurement of the sample and correcting the reflectance measurement in order to obtain the reflectance property indication. The reflectance measurement represents an observed reflectance of the sample, the reflectance property indication represents a standardized reflectance of the sample, and correcting the reflectance measurement accounts for a difference between the standardized reflectance and the observed reflectance. An apparatus for making a reflectance measurement of a sample which includes a housing defining a viewing port, a temperature control mechanism for controlling the temperature within the interior of the housing, and an optical reflectometer contained within the interior of the housing. The reflectometer has a measurement direction and is movable within the housing so that the measurement direction can be selectively aligned with the viewing port.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a reflectance property indication of a sample which includes making a reflectance measurement of the sample and correcting the reflectance measurement in order to obtain the reflectance property indication. The reflectance measurement represents an observed reflectance of the sample, the reflectance property indication represents a standardized reflectance of the sample, and correcting the reflectance measurement accounts for a difference between the standardized reflectance and the observed reflectance. An apparatus for making a reflectance measurement of a sample which includes a housing defining a viewing port, a temperature control mechanism for controlling the temperature within the interior of the housing, and an optical reflectometer contained within the interior of the housing. The reflectometer has a measurement direction and is movable within the housing so that the measurement direction can be selectively aligned with the viewing port.

Abstract: A circuit protection device is formed from a resistive element composed of a PTC conductive polymer composition and two electrodes. The conductive polymer composition contains ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer having a vinyl acetate component of less than 30% by weight of the copolymer, and a melting point of at most 105° C. Devices of the invention have a resistive element thickness of 0.025 to 0.25 mm; a crosslinking level equivalent to 1 to 20 Mrads; a surface area of at most 120 mm2; a resistance at 20° C., R20, of at most 0.050 ohm; and a PTC anomaly from 20° C. to (Tm+5° C.) of at least 103.5. The devices can be used as part of an assembly in which the device is in contact with a battery, e.g. a rechargeable battery.