Abstract: An apparatus for supplying and discharging originals in a copying machine is provided having a first and a second cassette for originals, a first feed path for feeding originals from the first cassette to the exposure station in a reversed orientation, a second feed path for feeding originals from the second cassette to the exposure station, a turnover path for turning over originals coming from the exposure station and returning them to the exposure station in a reversed orientation, a first discharge path for discharging originals from the exposure station to the first cassette in a reversed orientation and control unit for controlling the transport of the originals and a second discharge path to feed originals from the exposure station to the second cassette. The second feed path as well as the second discharge path are so formed that an original is not reversed in respect of orientation.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for determining the moment that a layer of tacky material needs to be rejuvenated. Typically, the layer is present on a cleaning member for removing contaminants such as paper dust and softened toner material from a fusing surface. The method includes measuring the light reflection value of the layer of tacky material, comparing the measured light reflection value with a reference value and rejuvenating the layer of tacky material as soon as the measured light reflection value differs by a predetermined value from the reference value. The device implements the method of the present invention.

Abstract: A water fixable toner powder is provided for making powder images that can be transferred and fixed with good image quality onto receiving material such as paper by being covered with water, squeegeed and subsequently pressed against the receiving material. The individual particles of the toner powder consist essentially of hydrolyzed polyvinyl ester that is swellable but insoluble in water at a temperature up to 30.degree. C., such preferably as polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydroylsis above 98% and an average molecular weight of at least 4,000, together with finely divided filler material that is insoluble and non-swellable in water and is present in an amount of between 10 and 60% by volume. Other additives such as coloring material and/or a polarity control agent may also be present in the binder of hydrolyzed polyvinyl ester. Preferred forms of the toner particles are porous and have a specific surface of between 0.6 and 2m.sup.2 /g.

Abstract: Powder images are transferred and fixed onto receiving supports of absorbent material such as paper so as to form copies of fine quality without need for heating or for applying solvent vapors to make the images sticky, by forming each powder image of water-absorbent powder particles that soften on absorbing water, transporting the powder image on a resiliently deformable, hydrophobic support surface to a transfer zone for transfer under pressure onto the receiving material, and in a treatment zone spaced ahead of the transfer zone covering the hydrophobic support surface and the powder image with water and directly afterward squeegeeing water from the wetted image and support surface.