Abstract: The present invention provides a lamp driving circuit including a first printed circuit board and a second printed circuit board, wherein the first printed circuit board includes a switching unit for switching an input power source; a control unit for controlling the switching unit; an inverter transformer connected to the switching unit; and a voltage conversion unit for converting a feedback reference current for controlling an output current applied from the inverter transformer into a reference voltage to apply the reference voltage to the control unit by being connected to the inverter transformer, the voltage conversion unit is connected to a first feedback terminal, and the second printed circuit board includes a plurality of balance coils connected to a plurality of lamps so that the same output currents are applied to the lamps; and a current conversion unit connected to a second feedback terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rack bush and a rack pinion type steering apparatus having the rack bush for a vehicle, which can smoothly support a load in an axial direction and a vertical direction of a rack bar so that it is possible to reduce abnormal abrasion of the rack bush, reduce a rattle noise caused by external force transferred through the rack bar during movement of the rack bar, and prevent damage to the rack bar and a pinion through distribution of the load due to an external impact on the shaft.

Abstract: Provided are a serial communication system and a method of granting IDs using the system. The serial communication system includes a control unit for transmitting a clock signal via a first communication line and transmitting data including a sub-identification (sub-ID) via a second communication line; and a plurality of cascade-connected semiconductor devices to which the same device ID is granted, wherein each semiconductor device includes a switch for connecting an input terminal and an output terminal in response to a turn-on signal, and stores the data including the sub-ID in response to the clock signal and turns on the switches to sequentially store the sub-ID.

Abstract: Provided are a method of correcting image distortion and a computer-readable recording medium including a program for executing the method on a computer. An image, distorted by uneven illumination and lens curvature of an apparatus such as a digital camera, is corrected to obtain an accurate image.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is provided that includes a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of dies formed on the semiconductor substrate, the plurality of dies being separated from one another by a first region extending along a first direction and a second region extending along a second direction different from the first direction, a dummy metal structure formed within a third region that includes a region defined by an intersection of the first region and the second region, a plurality of metal interconnection layers formed over the substrate, and a plurality of dielectric layers formed over the substrate. Each of the metal interconnection layers is disposed within each of the dielectric layers and a dielectric constant of at least one of the dielectric layers is less than about 2.6.

Abstract: A state cycling apparatus uses a capacitor instead of complicated and expensive microcontroller to fulfill a state cycling function of a system. The state cycling apparatus includes an internal circuit in the system connected to the capacitor. In a first embodiment, the internal circuit reads the voltage level on the capacitor at power on to determine a current state for the system, and writes the voltage level corresponding to a next state of the system to the capacitor. In a second embodiment, the system reads the state data stored in the internal circuit to determine a current state for the system at power on, the capacitor is charged during the system is under power on, and the capacitor provides power for the internal circuit to store a state data after the system is powered off.

Abstract: Provided is a method of obtaining an image of a disc, in which the method obtains an image of an analysis or test result object of a disc by minimizing a difference between the positionings of a magnet of the disc and a magnet of a feeding unit, and an apparatus for driving a disc, wherein the apparatus performs the method. The method includes: fixing a positioning of a disc by using magnetic attraction between a first magnet installed on the disc and a second magnet installed on a feeding unit; minimizing a difference between the positionings of the first and second magnets; and obtaining an image of an analysis or test result object of the disc.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method of a flexible printed circuit board and its structure, the manufacturing method includes the steps of: providing a substrate; performs a preheating and drying process to the substrate; forming a circuit pattern including a ground circuit, an X-axis circuit, a Y-axis circuit and an external circuit on a surface of the substrate by a screen printing method, forming a ground circuit layer on the substrate and corresponding to the ground circuit, forming on a Y-axis circuit layer on a surface of the substrate and corresponding to the Y-axis circuit, forming an X-axis circuit layer on a surface of the substrate and corresponding to the X-axis circuit, and forming a carbon paste enhancement layer according to the external circuit.

Abstract: A heat exchanger is provided. The heat exchanger includes a plurality of aluminum tubes formed of aluminum, each of the aluminum tubes including a plurality of grooves that are formed on an inner circumferential surface of each of the aluminum tubes and that extend along a longitudinal direction of the aluminum tubes; and a plurality of heat transfer fins coupled to the aluminum tubes. The heat exchanger may contribute to the reduction of the manufacturing cost, may provide high heat transfer performance and may prevent a coolant leak.

Abstract: A data transmission method using automatic repeat request (ARQ) in a radio interface protocol system consisting of a plurality of layers is provided. The method includes delivering, from an upper layer to a lower layer, a data block stored in an ARQ buffer, the ARQ buffer storing a plurality of data blocks to be transmitted in response the lower layer, the data block; delivering, from the upper layer to the lower layer, a new data block stored in the ARQ buffer if a delivery success message is received from the lower layer, the delivery success message indicating successful transmission of the data block; and shifting a window of the ARQ buffer. The present invention can effectively use radio resources since an ARQ procedure does not require a polling process and a process of receiving a status PDU, and is suitable for high rate data transmission.

Abstract: The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity in a patient's bloodstream or other biological sample can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic index for cancer, diabetes, heart conditions, and other pathologies. Antibody-sandwich ELISA methods and kits for VEGF as an antigen are provided to detect types of VEGF levels in biological samples from animal models and human patients and can be used as a diagnostic/prognostic index.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an attenuated phase-shift photomask includes forming a phase-shift material layer on a photomask substrate, forming a light opaque layer on the phase-shift material layer, forming a first resist pattern on the light opaque layer to selectively expose a pattern region, etching the light opaque layer using the first resist pattern as an etch mask, such that a first light opaque pattern layer is formed to selectively expose the phase-shift material layer, removing the first resist pattern, forming a second resist pattern on the light opaque layer, such that a cell pattern block in the pattern region is selectively exposed, and etching the exposed phase-shift material layer using the first light opaque pattern layer as an etch mask to form a phase-shift material pattern layer selectively exposing a top surface of the photomask substrate.

Abstract: A system for managing and filtering incoming messages to a mobile device is configured to receive incoming messages using multiple formats, such as e-mail, Short Messaging System (SMS) messages, Multimedia Message System (MMS) messages, or other electronic messaging formats. One or more message filters are used to consolidate and display high importance messages by the device in a single location. The message filters may be configured to select incoming messages based on factors such as the identity of the sender and the destination account. After receiving a new message, the system compares characteristics of the incoming message to the key characteristics defined by one or more of the filters. If an incoming message matches one of the filters, the system adds the matching message to a list of high importance messages. The system provides a separate user interface to display the high importance messages.

Abstract: The present direct cardiac compression (DCC) design, termed Cardiac Resynchronization Compression Sac System (CRCSS), combines together the mechanical and electrical characteristics associated with DCC and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), respectively. The CRCSS comprises a shell, at least one opening on the shell, and at least one inflatable balloon, and a pumping system. The shell is custom manufactured to substantially conform to the contour of a portion of a heart, the contour of the heart being obtained by an imaging system. The opening on the shell is designed for passing pericardial fluid so as not to impede the myocardial contraction. The inflatable balloon attaches to at least one predetermined location of the inner surface of the shell. Furthermore, the shell naturally positions in the pericardium space without resorting to any artificial force to prevent it from dislodging from the heart, and when the inflatable balloon inflates at least one ventricular free wall of the heart is compressed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a connector including: a printed circuit board including a guide hole and a locking hole; a plurality of connection pads provided on a top surface of the printed circuit board; a housing which is mounted on the printed circuit board and including a guide inserted into the guide hole and a locking unit inserted into the locking hole, which are protrudingly formed on a bottom surface of the housing; a plurality of terminals inserted and fixed into the housing so that one ends are positioned inside the housing and the other ends are projected to an outside of the housing; and terminal units in contact with top surfaces of the connection pads by being connected to the one ends of the terminals inside the housing.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for checking a state of a rotator. The system includes: a position recognition sensor that senses a position of a rotator and generates a position synchronization signal corresponding to the position of the rotator; a control unit that detects a position of a detection specimen existing in the rotator based on the position synchronization signal and generates an image photographing control signal corresponding to the detected position of the detection specimen; and a camera system that photographs an image of the detection specimen existing in the rotator based on the image photographing control signal.

Abstract: An imprinting apparatus and a method of the same which form a residual film including a uniform thickness all over a substrate. The imprinting apparatus includes a substrate support which supports a substrate which is coated with an imprint resin on an upper surface thereof, an imprint mold arranged on an upper side of the substrate support and which forms a predetermined pattern by molding the imprint resin coated on the substrate, a pressure roller which pressurizes the imprint mold to adhere closely to the substrate, a pressure roller control unit which controls the pressure roller to change a moving velocity and an applied pressure of the pressure roller according to a position of the imprint mold, and a resin curing unit which cures the imprint resin on the substrate.

Abstract: Example embodiments are directed to methods of forming a metallic oxide film using Atomic Layer Deposition while controlling the power reflected by a reactor. The method may include feeding metallic source gases, for example, first and second metallic source gases, and/or a reactant gas including oxygen into the reactor individually. One of the metallic source gases may include an amino-group or an alkoxy-group and another metallic source gas may include neither an amino-group nor an alkoxy-group. A plasma may be produced in the reactor from the reactant gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for demodulating an analogue input signal comprises a hard limiter stage (4) for converting the signal to a two level signal. A digital down converter/low pass filter stage (6) converts the signal to a base band signal, and a symbol synchronization stage (8) extracts symbol timing. An instantaneous phase detector (10) calculates the instantaneous phase of the one or more symbols associated with the input signal. If the input signal has been modulated according to a pi/4DQPSK, pi/2DBPSK, GMSK, or a GFSK modulation scheme, a differential detector (12) determines a difference in the phase between adjacent symbols, a coarse frequency offset compensation stage (14) applies a compensation signal to compensate for frequency offset, and a frequency offset estimation stage (16) updates this compensation signal. A demapper (18) generates a demodulated output signal after compensation by the frequency offset compensation stage.

Abstract: A speech recognition application including a recognition module configured to receive input utterances and an application module configured to select a recognition from the speech recognition module using output from a first iteration to select a recognition result for a second iteration. In one embodiment, the application module eliminates a previous rejected recognition result or results from the N-Best list for recognition. In another embodiment, the application module rescores N-Best entries based upon N-Best lists or information from another iteration. In another illustrated embodiment, the application module uses a limited grammar from a current N-Best list for subsequent recognition, for example for rerecognition using a recorded input from a previous iteration.