Abstract: An apparatus and a method for caring emotion of a driver based on a vehicle sound, may include a detector configured to detect driving information of the vehicle and body information of a user, a non-transitory storage to store instructions, and a processor to execute the instructions. The processor determines an emotional status of the driver by use of at least one of the driving information or the body information, to generate a healing sound by designing a virtual sound based on the driving information and the emotional status of the driver, and to generate and output the healing sound.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for caring emotion of a driver based on a vehicle sound, may include a detector configured to detect driving information of the vehicle and body information of a user, a non-transitory storage to store instructions, and a processor to execute the instructions. The processor determines an emotional status of the driver by use of at least one of the driving information or the body information, to generate a healing sound by designing a virtual sound based on the driving information and the emotional status of the driver, and to generate and output the healing sound.

Abstract: A user may freely generate a vehicle driving sound using a mounted mobile terminal so as to generate various types of driving sounds through a speaker. A vehicle includes a setting unit configured to set response characteristics of a vehicle driving sound for at least one of a plurality of pieces of vehicle state information and set a section-specific volume of the vehicle driving sound for at least one of a plurality of set response characteristics including revolutions per minute (RPM) and a controller configured to control an output of the vehicle driving sound generated according to a setting of the setting unit and control sound transfer characteristics unique to the vehicle to be reflected when the vehicle driving sound is generated and output.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vehicle, an apparatus for generating a driving sound of the vehicle, and an apparatus and method for controlling a driving sound of the vehicle. The present invention intends to provide a driving sound of a vehicle having a characteristic desired by a driver. The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a voice signal input unit configured to receive a voice signal; a filter generation unit configured to extract a characteristic of the voice signal and generate a driving sound filter considering the characteristic of the voice signal; and a driving sound control unit configured to generate a default driving sound based on a driving state of the vehicle and generate a new driving sound obtained by applying the driving sound filter to the default driving sound.

Abstract: A tailpipe for a vehicle, which has a tubular body may include a central pipe positioned in the body, and a plurality of sub-pipes which is disposed to surround an outer circumferential surface of the central pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vehicle, an apparatus for generating a driving sound of the vehicle, and an apparatus and method for controlling a driving sound of the vehicle. The present invention intends to provide a driving sound of a vehicle having a characteristic desired by a driver. The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a voice signal input unit configured to receive a voice signal; a filter generation unit configured to extract a characteristic of the voice signal and generate a driving sound filter considering the characteristic of the voice signal; and a driving sound control unit configured to generate a default driving sound based on a driving state of the vehicle and generate a new driving sound obtained by applying the driving sound filter to the default driving sound.

Abstract: A tailpipe for a vehicle, which has a tubular body may include a central pipe positioned in the body, and a plurality of sub-pipes which is disposed to surround an outer circumferential surface of the central pipe.

Abstract: A user may freely generate a vehicle driving sound using a mounted mobile terminal so as to generate various types of driving sounds through a speaker. A vehicle includes a setting unit configured to set response characteristics of a vehicle driving sound for at least one of a plurality of pieces of vehicle state information and set a section-specific volume of the vehicle driving sound for at least one of a plurality of set response characteristics including revolutions per minute (RPM) and a controller configured to control an output of the vehicle driving sound generated according to a setting of the setting unit and control sound transfer characteristics unique to the vehicle to be reflected when the vehicle driving sound is generated and output.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vehicle, an apparatus for generating a driving sound of the vehicle, and an apparatus and method for controlling a driving sound of the vehicle. The present invention intends to provide a driving sound of a vehicle having a characteristic desired by a driver. The vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a voice signal input unit configured to receive a voice signal; a filter generation unit configured to extract a characteristic of the voice signal and generate a driving sound filter considering the characteristic of the voice signal; and a driving sound control unit configured to generate a default driving sound based on a driving state of the vehicle and generate a new driving sound obtained by applying the driving sound filter to the default driving sound.

Abstract: A program method of a flash memory device includes inputting a first data and a second data to a page buffer coupled to memory cells including an even page and an odd page, pre-programming a first memory cell of the odd page using the first data, programming a second memory cell of the even page using the second data, and programming the pre-programmed first memory cell using the first data.

Abstract: A method of erasing and programming a flash memory device including multi-level cells (MLCs). MLCs of a word line are selected and some of the MLCs are pre-programmed based on whether their individual threshold voltages are included in a first voltage range. The selected MLCs are pre-programmed with a pre-program (first) voltage; and the remaining MLCs are prohibited from pre-programming; then the remaining MLCs connected to the selected word line are programmed by applying a program (second) voltage that gradually rises from the pre-program voltage at a ratio of a step voltage n for the selected line.

Abstract: Erase and program methods of a flash memory device including MLCs for increasing the program speed. In the erase method, MLCs are pre-programmed so that a voltage range in which threshold voltages of MLCs are distributed can be reduced. Therefore, a fail occurrence ratio can be reduced when erasing MLCs, the threshold voltage distribution of MLCs can be improved and an overall program time can be shortened in a subsequent program operation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing activated lymphocytes, which comprises isolating lymphocytes from peripheral blood and proliferating and activating the isolated lymphocytes in vitro. According to the disclosed method, highly effective toxic cells can be prepared in large amounts by culturing human peripheral lymphocytes in the presence of an anti-CD3 antibody, IFN-? and IL-2. The activated lymphocytes proliferated according to the disclosed preparation method comprise both CD3-CD56+ (natural killer cell marker) cells that are the main components of LAK cells, and CD3+CD56+ cells that are the main components of CIK cells, and can be cultured in large amounts. Thus, the lymphocyte cells can show a significantly higher anticancer effect compared to when the LAK cells and the CIK cells are used alone.

Abstract: A flash memory device may include a memory cell array, a page buffer unit, and a switching element. The page buffer unit may include first and second latches and is configured to program data into the memory cell array and read data from the memory cell array. The switching element enables the first latch during a verify operation of a first program based on a first verify voltage, and enables or disables the first latch in order to execute a verify operation of a second program based on a second verify voltage lower than the first verify voltage depending on whether data to be programmed has been stored in the second latch.

Abstract: A program method of a flash memory device includes inputting a first data and a second data to a page buffer coupled to memory cells including an even page and an odd page, pre-programming a first memory cell of the odd page using the first data, programming a second memory cell of the even page using the second data, and programming the pre-programmed first memory cell using the first data.

Abstract: Erase and program methods of a flash memory device including MLCs for increasing the program speed are described. In the erase method, MLCs are pre-programmed so that a voltage range in which threshold voltages of MLCs are distributed can be reduced. Therefore, a fail occurrence ratio can be reduced when erasing MLCs, the threshold voltage distribution of MLCs can be improved and an overall program time can be shortened in a subsequent program operation.

Abstract: Erase and program methods of a flash memory device including MLCs for increasing the program speed are described. In the erase method, MLCs are pre-programmed so that a voltage range in which threshold voltages of MLCs are distributed can be reduced. Therefore, a fail occurrence ratio can be reduced when erasing MLCs, the threshold voltage distribution of MLCs can be improved and an overall program time can be shortened in a subsequent program operation.

Abstract: A duel program verify operation is performed using first and second verify voltages. In order to reduce the width of a threshold voltage distribution during an incremental step pulse program implementation, data of a corresponding memory cell are verified twice using the first verify voltage and the second verify voltage. During a second verify operation using the second verify voltage, a sensing current is adjusted by controlling voltages applied as a bit line select signal and an evaluation time period. Therefore, the threshold voltage of the memory cell can be measured higher or lower than its actual value and the width of a threshold voltage distribution is reduced.

Abstract: Erase and program methods of a flash memory device including MLCs for increasing the program speed are described. In the erase method, MLCs are pre-programmed so that a voltage range in which threshold voltages of MLCs are distributed can be reduced. Therefore, a fail occurrence ratio can be reduced when erasing MLCs, the threshold voltage distribution of MLCs can be improved and an overall program time can be shortened in a subsequent program operation.

Abstract: A flash memory device may include a memory cell array, a page buffer unit, and a switching element. The page buffer unit may include first and second latches and is configured to program data into the memory cell array and read data from the memory cell array. The switching element enables the first latch during a verify operation of a first program based on a first verify voltage, and enables or disables the first latch in order to execute a verify operation of a second program based on a second verify voltage lower than the first verify voltage depending on whether data to be programmed has been stored in the second latch.